Saturday Wk 2 Heme 5 Flashcards
in family w potential for SCD, use __ test to evaluate the genome of the father
__ rxn is benign leukocytosis in response to severe __/__ or solid tumor or acute hemolysis
smear has inc __ forms and early mature PMN precursors
leuk __ is normal/inc
peripheral smear shows __ bodies, basophilic peripheral granules in PMNs
ribosomes are bound to __
may all see toxic __ or __ vacuoles the PMN
Hb electrophoresis
leukemoid infection/hemorrhage blast ALP Dohle RERE granulations, cytoplasmic
Direct Factor Xa inhibs include R/A
prevent __ formation
do not require __
used to tx V__ and __ prophylaxis in pt w Afib
H/M anemia in lead poisoning is due to inhibition of __ enzyme
prevents incorporation of __ into heme
Hemophilia A and B both have __ inheritance
Thrombin time measures rate of conversion from __ to fibrin
__ analyzer monitors time needed for pt to form platelet plug
rivaroxaban, apixiban
thrombin
monitoring
VTE, stroke
ALAD
Fe
XLR
fibrinogen
Platelet function
myeloblasts have abundant __ cytoplasm and Folded/bilobed __
proliferate in __ and suppress growth/multiplication of other hematopoeitic precursors
__ is glycolytic pathway enzyme that converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
produces __, esp in mature RBC
used to transport __ against a gradient
if low ATP, __/__ is lost and defective maintenance of membrane architecture develops
pt has hemolysis and red pulp __ as inc activity removes damaged RBC
results in S__
basophiic
nuclei
bone marrow
Pyruvate kinase
ATP
cations
Water/K
hyperplasia
splenomegaly
passive splenic congestion ocurrs w portal __ or splenic __
pt w HIV and histology for Burkitt lymphoma includes diffuse medium sized __ w high ___
CCl4 causes __ injury, as it is oxidized by p450 system in the liver
results in CCl3 prodxn, whih reacts w structural __ of cm
generates H2O2 in process called lipid __
HTN, infarct
lymphs, proliferation index
free rad
lipids
peroxidation
Factor V Leiden mutation have inc risk for DVT, cerebral vein __ and recurrent __ loss
dysfibrogenemia results in abnorms in the __ molecule
leads to excessive bleeding w abnormal __/__/__
__ is common brain tumor in kids occurring in the cerebellum
well demarcated mixed __/__ components
__ positive and have __ fibers
__ also occurs in the cerebellum but is only solid
small __ cells w HW rosettes
O__ are calcified, well circum masses in the frontal lobe
uniform __ appearing cells
may have anastamoses in __ wire pattern
thrombosis, pregnancy
fibrinogen
TT, PTT, PT
pilocytic astrocytoma
cystic/solid
GFAP, rosenthal
medulloblastoma
hyperchromatic
oligodendrogliomas
fried egg
chicken
extramedullary hematopoeisis occurs as a result of __ anemias
EPO stim, hyperplastic __ cell invasion of extramedullary organs
seen w __ overgrowth and __ bossing or __ facies in kids
factor 8/9 activate factor __ to activate thrombin
Cyclophosphamide/Ifosfamide are toxic bc they release __ in the blood
Mesna produces a __ group to trap acrolein
6MP and Azathioprine are cytotoxic puring analogs activated by __
__ and TPMT inactivate the drugs
pt receiving allopurinol must have __ reduction in dose
hemolytic
marrow
mandible, frontal, chipmunk
acrolein
sulfhydryl
HGPRT
XO
massive
C__ is used to tx HCL
resistant to degredation by ADA
recurrent transfusions leads to Iron/__ overload
__ appears brown/yellow in
seen on __ blue stain, taken up by __ cells of liver
pt will need iron __ therapy
Isoniazid inhibits \_\_ phosphokinase prevents \_\_ form of pyridoxine cofactor for \_\_ in the RLS of heme synthesis inhibition leads to a \_\_/\_\_ anemia results in \_\_ sideroblasts
Cladribine
hemosiderin
hemosiderin
Prussian, kupffer
chelation
pryidoxine active ALAS M/H ringed
procarcinogens are metabolized by cp450 ___
seen in __ microsomes and ER
normally metabolizes many compounds for __
__ oxidase is cytochrome a+a3 that reacts w O2 to produce H2O
inhibited by __
__ converts superoxide into O2 and H2O2
_ enzyme converts H2O2 to HOCl
monoxygenase
hepatic
excretion
cytochrome
CO
superoxide dismutase
myeloperoxidase
__ interference occurs when noncoding RNA seq induce posttranscriptional gene silencing
using __ and __ RNA
can lead to cell dysreg and __
miRNA is transcribed and processed to form __ precursor
taken to cytoplasm, cleaved into short RNA helix by D__
incorporated into RISC and binds __ sequences of target mRNA
can degrade/__ trxn
RNA small interfering, micro disease double stranded dicer complementary repress
__ is surface receptor on activated T cells
binds to PDL1 which __ the immune response against tumor cells by __ CD8 t cells
many cancers can inc expression of __ to evade IS
ab against __ prevents binding and IS repression
__ is T cell surface antigen that interacts w B7 on APC
necessary for __
if __ binds B7, T cells are inhibited
PD1 downregulates inhibiting PD1 PD1
CD28
activation
CTLA4
Folic acid becomes \_\_ by DHFR w MTX, \_\_ and \_\_ accumulate in cell, MTX undergoes \_\_ to prevent movement of MTX out of the cell this also keeps \_\_/\_\_ in cell MTX is first line for \_\_
LM of Burkitt lymphoma has intermediate sized lymphs w prominent nucleoli and __ basophilic cytoplasm
dihydrofolate DHF, folic acid polyglutamation DHF/FA ectopic preg
vacuolated
__ hyperplasia of the LN occurs when follicles inc in size/number
__ hyperplasia has enlarged sinuses w histiocytes
__ hyperplasia occurs when architecture has many lymphs/blasts/macros
Reactive hyperplasia is __ w many cells lines proliferating
malignant transformation is __ w unchecked proliferation of a single cell line
can assess via PCR and rearrangement of __ genes
if __ allele for V region of TCR predominates, monoclonality is expected
follicular sinus diffuse polyclonal monioclonal
TCR
single
sudden onset ab/flank pain and gross hematuria w inc LDH should suggest __
EGFR is stimulated by ligand to activate __ for the stimulation of cellular growth and proliferation
monoclonal antibodies like C/P block EGFR to dec cellular growth
if pt has addtl __ mutation, pt is __ to anti-EGFR tx
renal vein thrombosis
KRAS
cetuximab, panitumumab
KRAS, resistant
