Miscellaneous Flashcards
hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction
comes from __ cells of D/J
inc __ secretion, and dec __
CCK
I
panc enzyme, gastric emptying
secretin promotes ___ sec
released by __
bicarb
duodenal S cells
Gastrin stimulates __ secretion and __ motility
GA. gastric
VIP stimulates __
counteracts ___
promotes __
VIPoma WDHA syndrome
intestinal water sec
gastrin
bicarb
watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria
motilin for ___
intestinal motiluty
somatostatin inhibited by __
stops release of __/ __
low pH
GH/TSH
Celiac dz
__ atrophy, crypt __, __ infiltration
presents at __ m w intro of __
Malabsorptive sx S/F/W
vilous, hyperplasia, lymphocytic
6-24, gluten
steatorrhea, flatulence, wl
newborn esp breastfed needs __/__ supplementing
VD/iron
pernicious anemia destroys ___
located in __ layer
parietal cells
upper gastric
glucagonoma sx
2ndary __
exophytic ___
DM
rash
verapamil blocks __ Ca channels
Lidocaine blocks __ Na channels
L type
voltage gated
Cells responsible for destroying pathologic cels w dec MHC class 1 expression
do not express CD __/__/__
NK cells
CD3/4/8
enteropeptidase def sx
F, E, D
FtT, Diarrhea, edema
MCC of SCID
__ accumulation is toxic to __, resulting in risk of __
secondary form is __
tx SCID via
Adenosine deaminsae defic
adenosine, lymphs, infection
X linked
bone marrow transplant
myeloperoxidase is an enzyme in __
deficiency leads to __ disorder
PMN
myeloperoxidase
CGD characterized by infections w __ prodcuign org
hallmark test
deficient in __
catalase
nitroblue tetrazolium
NADPH oxidase
Panc secretions compared to plasma
Na/K
Bicarb
Cl
normal
higher
lowerr
Postprandial alkaline tide inc plasma __ and dec plasma ___
bicarb, Cl
Peptide released by intestines to conteract cephalic/gastric secretion
inhibits __ release from ECL cells
Peptide YY
histamine
MD has possible for ___ tissues
gastric prodxn can lead to __ formation
gastric/panc/colon/endometrial
ulcer
XLA is disorder of ___, dec mature __ prodxn
predisposed to __ and __ infections
BTK, b cell
LRI giardia
host defnese of mycobacterial infections requires interactions of __/__
macrophages infected w mycobacteria produce ___ to stimulate T cells/NK cells to release ___
useful against ___
macros/T cells
IL12, INFG
viruses/
C3 deficiency leads to infections w __ bacteria
encapsulated
Neg regulation of lac operon
repressor protien binds __
positive regulation of lac operon as __ binds upstream
operator
cAMP-CAP
Giardia trophozoite appearance __ shaped w 2 nuclei
mechanism to protect include __ and __
owl
IgA, CD4 T cells
bilateral CN8 assc w __
NF2
muscles, CT, bone, cartilege, CV system, lymphatics, genitalia, kidney/AC urethra are __ derived
mesoderm
GI tract, liver, pancreas, lungs, thymus, PT/Thyroid, middle ear, bladder/urethra are __ derived
endoderm
rathke pouch, lens/cornea, inner ear, olfacotyr system, epidermis, salivary/mammary glands are ___ derived
surface ectoderm
Brain/spinal cord, PP, pineal gland, retina are ____ derived
neural tube
ganglia, schwann cells, pia/arachnoid mater, branchial arches, skull, adnreal medulla are __ derived
nerual crest
__ is mesoderm derived
derivative is __
notochord
nucleus pulposus
__ repair is responsible for non bulky DNA alteration
such as depurination, alkylation, oxidation, deamination
excess consumption of __ promotes deamination of CAG
BER
nitrates
__ cleaves 5’ end of AP site, __ completes extraction, __ fills in gap, nick sealed by ___
endonuclease, lyase, DNA poly, ligase
__/__ panc buds fuse in __ w of fetal life
proximal part of __ panc bud degenerates, remaineder fuses w ventral duct to form ___
ventral/dorsal
dorsal, main panc duct
Pancreatic Divisum – when V/D panc buds dont fuse, secretions drained by __
dominant dorsal duct (santorini) drains into __ via minor papilla and drains __ of sec of pancras
smaller ventral duct (whirschprung) opens into ___ and drains base of head/UP
pancreas divisum is __ but inc risk for ___
2 separate systems
duodenum, majority
major papilla
asx, pancreatitis
