Tues Wk 4 Multisystem Flashcards
__ is dec risk rate of event bw outcomes
Acute compartment syndrome occurs w inc __ in fascial compatmetns of limb, impairing perfusion
leads to severe __ and myonecrosis/nerve injury
most common location is __ compartment of leg
this include __ peroneal nerve and anterior tibial artery/vein
Lateral compartment is S__ peroneal nerve
Deep posterior is T__ nerve and peroneal artery/vein and posterior tibial artery/vein
RRR
pressure
pain
aneter
deep
superficial
tibial
intracellular Cl inc w release of __/__ NT
intracellular mRNA is high in times of protein __
HPE occurs w incomplete divison of forebrain into T/D at 5 w
can present w close set eyes (Hyper__) or cleft lip/palate
may have single midline __ or primitive nose (P) and midface clefts
can be genetic due to chromo __ or sonic hedgehog gene mutations or environmental
called dvelopmental __ as initial embryonic disturbance leads to multiple malformations of adjacent structures
A__ is multiple anomalies w no known unifier that occur more freq than expected
ie V__
D__ is fetal stuctural abnorms due to extrnisin mechanical forces
glycine/GABA
synthesis
telencephalon, diencephalon telorism eyes proboscis 13 field defect
association
vacterl
deformation
trisomy 18 aka \_\_ syndrome pt presents w micrognathia, prominent occiput and rocker bottom F\_\_ cariac probs such as V\_\_ and PDA horshoe\_\_ or MD/malrotation US shows fetal growth \_\_
Cri du chat has weak cry, hyoptonia and FtT w microephaly, low set ears and broad __ bridge
Stop proteins only fxn to __ translation
methionine becomes __ to act as methyl donor
eventually broken down to homocysteine and converted to C__ via CBS
rxn requires AA S__ and VB6
def in CBS cannot form cytsteine from homocysteine, thus must __ in diet
pt also has hypermeth__
Edwards feet VSD kidney restriction
nasal
stop
SAM cysteine serine supplement ioninemia
A__ synthase converts aspartate to asparagine which is essential for rapidly dividing tumor cells
P__ is due to hyperplasia of epidermis aka acanthosis
Melanoma is due to d_
easy bruising in scurvy due to weak __ walls
two loci are in linkage __ when alleles are inherited together more/less often than expected
usually due to physical __
to calc, mult freq and compare to observed __
asparagine
psoriasis
dysplasia
capillary
disequillibrium
proximity
freq
Alkaptonuria is AR disorder of __ metabolism
homogentistic acid builds up, and F__ cannot be formed
pt has black __ and black color to __ and cartilage w arthropathy
NF kB is a __ in inflammatory cells
normally inhibited by __
when bacteria bind to TLR, ubiquitination via IKB K__ leads to release of NFkB
results in release of inflamm __ and cytokines
NFkB also releases __ which bind to free NFkB
Digeorge syndrome is cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic T/P
Velocardialfacial syndrome is cleft __ and cardiac probs w dysmorphic facies
may see hyper__ and bivid __
dx w __
tyrosine
fumarate
urine/face
TF IKB kinase proteins IKB
thymus, parathyroid
palate
telorism, uvula
FISH
__ modulation occurs w subgroup analysis that shows a difference in groups when a difference was not seen before
opposite sequence is found in C__
think DS w inc nuchal T__
inc risk of __ atresia w double bubble sign
also imperforate __, Hirschprung and TEF
myelomengicele is assc w trisomy __ Edwards
omphalocele w trisomy 13/__
type 1 error aka __ is the probability of observed difference happening due to chance alone
trisomy 13 aka __ syndrome
failed fusion of prechordal M__
see h__ and microceph, micropthalmia and cleft lip/palate
O__ is present, w abnormal brain development
look for Polydactly and cutis __ on scalp
rocker bottom __ also present
effect
confounding
translucency
duodenal
anus
18
18
alpha
Patau mesoderm holoprosencphaly omphalocele aplasia feet
Williams syndrome is assc w __ facies, supravalvular aortic stenosis and __ personality
use Chi square for testing Q__ variables
uses categories or __ rather than numerical values
used to show a__
if measuring a qualitative independent variable w quantitative dependent variable, use __/__ as comparison
2 quantitative variables needs __ coefficient
dec transcription errors for prescriptions by avoiding trailing __ and avoiding a__
provide pt w discharge __ to reduce AE and remissions
use literacy level of __ w specific instructions
elfin, extroverted
qualitative
groups
association
ANOVA, two sqaure t test
correlation
zeros, abbreviations
checklist
pt
reduce preventable AE when shifts change via structured __
provide __ of tasks to reduce communication errors
use teach back method to ensure pt has __ the info
M__ is federal/state program to cover pt over 65 who have paid taxes
must be a US citizen or young pt w disability, ESRD or __
Part __ for in hospital
part __ for outpatient
part __ for capitated plan
Part __ for px drugs
M__ is state run for homeless, undocumented, pregnant women, low income families
drug concentration is drug dose over __
handoffs
checklist
understood
medicare ALS A B C D
medicaid
volume of distribution
the control for case control is indiv __ disease and comparing RF
select pops regardless of __ and then compare
use w __ cx
in cross sectional study, S__ design uses surveys to obtain data
major limitation is __ assc
loss of follow up occurring disproportianately bw esposed/unexposed is __ bias (form of selection bias)
M__ bias occurs when exposure/outcome is not identified correctly
Selective __ bias occurs in CC studies when cases are selected from entire dz population and not from new diagnosis
ie cancer study would have higher number of __ malignancies if not limited to new dx
without
RF
rare
snapshot
temporal
attrition
misclassification
survival
benign
in accomodation, focusing o near objects causes ciliary muscle __ to relax zonular fibers
lens becomes more __ to focus image on retina
distorted in P__ due to progressive degen of lens proteins/change in lens curvature
near objects appear __ retina
can correct M__ as it places image in front of retina
sx of Presbyopia include difficulty reading ___
result of A__ just like wrinkles, due to dec synth/inc breakdown of C/E
precision measures R__
accuracy measures V__
contraction convex presbyopia behind myopia fine print aging collagen, elastin
reliability
validity
must review __ for AE in new pts, esp elderly
effective discharge planning may use a __ to assess whether pt has adequate support/fxn at home
look at pt / status, activity, family support etc
health risk assessment calculates pts __ age
if greater than chrono age, pt has higher risk of __
_ prevention is preventing dz from occuring
example is health __ by making lifestyle changes
__ prevention detects dz before sx start
IE individual case finding in cevical cancer __
or community screening for __
__ prevention tx a dz to prevent progression
such as R after stroke
medications
social worker
cognitive/functional
risk
death
primary
promotion
secondary
screening
HTN
tertiary
rehab
disease w AD inheritance will lead to __ if pt is homozygous
enzyme deficiency conditions follow __ pattern
defective noncatalytic proteins follow __ pattern
in Rett syndrome, an __ disease, males die in utero
lack of father __ transmission
all daughters of affected __ have cx
death
AR
AD
XLD
son
father
