GI 4.5 Flashcards
Definitive tx for carcinoid syndrome is __
med therapy w __ controls sx
inhibits secretion of ___
surgery
octreotide
hormones
__ is dopamine agonist used in GH secreting pituitary tumor/prolactinoma
__ is analog of GnRH
suppresses __/__
manage __ cancer, __, E
Rituximab is __ antibody to tx M or L
Cabergoline
Leuprolide
LH/FSH
prostate, PP, endometriosis
CD20
MM, leukemia
infant botulism is due to __ consumption
spores germinate, producing __, resultant __w toxin release
__ precedes NM paralysis ie weak __/__
can have __ muscle weakness w lost head control ie __ baby
adult botulism occurs from ingestion of __ in canned food
Dx w detection of __ organisms and toxins via __/__ method
honey
toxin, bacteriolysis
constipation
suck/cry
generalzied, floppy
performed toxin
toxin prodxn orgs
ELISA, PCR
ab distension, bloody diarrhea, fever, signs of shock in untx UC indicates __
may be assc w ___ infection
inflamm mediators released, inc __ contribute to smooth muscle paralysis
as colon dilates, wall __ and __
dx w ___ to see __
avoid __/__ as it can cause perforation
toxic megalcolon
C diff
NO
thins, perforates
Ab xray, dilation
barium enema/colonoscopy
transmural inflamm of CD precedes __/__
inflammation predominates w __/__
__ are dilated veins causing bleeding in upper GI tract
due to __, from cirrhosis
also seen w __ thrombosis in chronic pancreatitis/cancer/tumor
__ drains fundus of stomach into splenic vein, w inc pressure leading to varices
strictures/fistulas
monocytes/lymphocytes
Gastric varices, portal HTN
splenic vein
short gastric vein
granular, diffusely homogenous, pale eosinophilic cytoplasm seen in ___ disease
__ accumulates in hepatocytes
clumped, eosinophilic inclusions made of tangled intermediate filaments is __ seen in alcoholic cirrhosis
HepB
HBsAg
mallory bodies
__ is AR disorder of bilirubin metabolism
due to lack of __ to catalyze ble glucuronidation
major __ hyperbilirubinemia develops
unconj bilirubin binds tight to __ and not __
can lead to __ w jaundice/neuro impairment in child
Crigler Najarr
UGT
indirect
albumin, excreted
kernicterus
__ is AR and due to lack of MRP2 to transport bilirubin
cannot excrete _ into canaliculi
__ is AR disorder w __ hyperbilirubinemia
defect in hepatic __ and __ of biliary pigmetns
pt is __
Dubin Johnson, conj bilirubin
Rotor, conj
uptake, excretion
asx
long course of TPN can lead to ___
normal pt, enteral passage of fat/AA in D leads to release of __
in TPN, lack of __ leads to dec CCK release and bile stasis
also __ is usually dec
resection of __ also inc risk of gallstones due to disrupted __ of BA
advanced liver disease is unable to convert cholesterol to BA, so bile is __ w cholesterol
gallstones
CCK
enternal nutrition
gastrin
ileum
saturated
PBC portal tract is infiltrated w M/L/E
leads to destruction of intrahepatic __ bile ducts
periductal fibrosis and onion skin appearance of small ducts in man w UC indicates
macros/lymphs/eosinophils
interlobar
PSC
alcohol abuse is a common cause of acute __
look for high __ ratio and __
due to nutritional deficit like __, __ disease or alcohol effect on __
__ can occur in acute pancreatitis due to third space fluid loss and dec __
panc
AST:ALT, macrocytosis
folate, livr, marrow
HyperNa, water intake
APC gene is responsible for ___
mutations in ___ genes seen in HNPCC
__ esophagitis has odynophagia/dysphagia
liner, shallow __ in lower esophagus
tissue biopsy shows __ w intranuclear inclusion bodies
__ is yeast w polysaccharide capsule
detect w __ stain
intercellular attachment
mismatch repair
CMV
ulcer
large cells
cryptococus
india ink
__ occurs in critically ill pt ie sepsis, burn, trauma
arises secondary to gallblader __ and __
Fever, __ pain, L_, positive __sign
dx w ___ which shows enlarged gallbladder but no __
___ presents w shrunken, fibrotic galbladder
occurs after freq acute __
__ infection occurs in SE asia
look for Charcot triad + __
assc w formation of __ gallstones
alcalculous cholecystitis
stasis, ischemia
RUQ, leukocytosis, Murphy
US, stones
chronic cholecystitis
liver fluke
eosinophilia
brown pigment
Infant w air in bowel wall has ___
thin, cirvilinear lines parallel to __
w ab distension, bloody stools, dx is __
occurs in __
leads to __ of terminal ileum/colon
develop intralmuminal __ concentrations
survivors at risk for __/__
pneumatosis intestinalis
lumen
necrotizing enterocolitis
preterm infants
ischemic necrosis
gas
obstruction/strictures
shoulder pain (ie __ sign) w hypoTN, tachycardia is due to __
any ab process irritating sensory fibers of diaphragm can cause referred pain via __ to C3-C5 shoulder region
can also cause __ due to diaphragmatic contraction
Kehr, splenic laceration
phrenic nerve
hiccups
