Wed Wk 2 Cardio 4 Flashcards
staph is catalase __
ability to clot blood plasma (__ test) differentiates positive Aureus from neg such as E/S
epidermidis is most common org w __ valves and septic arthritis w __ joints
staph aureus is only staph that can ferment __
Staph __ is novobiocin resistant
pos
coagulase
epidermidis, saprophyctus
prosthetic, prosthetic
mannitol
sapro
noncardiac pacemaker cells
Phase 0 is rapid __ via influx of Na
Phase 1 is early __ w activation of outward __ channels
Phase 2 is ___ w opening of __ calcium channels
Phase 3 is late __, w opening of __ channels
Phase 4 is __ w K leak channels open
class 3 antiarrhthymics include A/S/D that block K channels prolongs phase \_\_ repolarization no effect on \_\_
depolarization repolarization, K plateua, L type repolarization, K resting
amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide
3
depolarization
class 2 antiarrhythmics are \_\_ blocks A/M/E/C- slow \_\_ node discharge sow \_\_ node conduction and prolong refractory
class 4 is NDCCP V/D slow \_\_ node discharge, slow \_\_ node conduction prolong \_\_
Beta
atenolol, metoprolol, emolol, carvedilol
SA
AV
verapamil, diltiazem
SA
AV
action potential
__ artery is branch off external iliac artery proximal to inguinal ligament
after this point, EIA is __ artery
IEA runs medially to __ to supply lower abdominal wall
other branch of EIA is deep __ iliac artery which branches laterally
Deep femoral artery gives rise to __ circumflex femoral artery
inferior epigastric common femoral abdomen circumflex medial
S3 indicates volume __/Diastolic failure
presents w __/__
develops w forceful rapid __ of ventricle, w sudden deceleration
during tamponade, venous blood return inc w __
this causes IV Septum to crush __ and reduce LV __
pathophys for __
atherosclerosis develops intimal thickening w accumulation of __ laden macros and ECM
transition to __ plaque
overload
SOB, PND
filling
inspiration
LV, ejection
Pulsus paradoxus
lipid
atherosclerotic
cardiac AP is slowest in __ node
fastest in __ system
conduction of __ is faster than ventricles
pulmonary/systemic circulations must have similar __ bc of a continuous circuit
thus __ is equal, all other variables arent
intrathoracic pressure __ during inspiration, inc blood flow to RH
RVSV then __
pulm vessel capacity inc, this __ in LV venous return
PR characterized by blowing diastolic murmur at __
described as ___ at left 2/3 interpsace
AV
perkinje
Atria
output
HR
dec
inc
dec
S2
decrescendo
__ SVR:PVR ratio causes cyanosis in ToF
deoxy blood goes to low pressure __ circ
w squatting, SVR __ and blood preferentially flows to the lungs
IVC formed by union of R/L ___ veins at L4-L5
renal arteries/veins lie at __
IVC returns blood from __ extremities, __ system, and ab/pelvic __
abnormally wide pulse pressure in AR results in head __ and nocturnal __
low
systemic
inc
common iliac veins
L1
lower, portal, viscera
bobbing, pulsations
HF in setting of recent viral infection should indicate __ cardiomyopathy
direct __ injury and AI rxn to altered __ is responsible
myocardium becomes __ hypertophied w dec contractility and __ dysfxn
Adenosine/Ach affect phase __ of AP in cardiac pacemakers
Adenosine activates __ for efflux, and inhibits L type Ca channels
this leads to slowed __ and AV node conduction delay
Ach inc outward __ and dec __/__ inward flux
dilated
viral, myocytes
eccentrically
systolic
4
K channels
sinus rhythm
K channels, Na/Ca
cardiac pacemaker AP
Phase 0 is __
cell is depolarized, w opening of voltage gated __ channels
phase 3 is __
closing of L type __ and opening of __ channels
Phase 4 is potenital as influ of __ occurs
slow dec in __ efflux
upstroke
Ca
repolarization
ca channels, K
Na
K
SE of digoxin include nonspecific _/_ sx change in \_\_ life threatening \_\_ narrow therapeutic index esp w hypo\_\_ and \_\_ or \_\_ failure tx toxicity w digoxin \_\_ frags
Korotkoff sounds are sounds in __ w BP reading
if it falls by >20 during inspiration, __ is diagnosis
can also be seen in __/severe __
pulm exacerbation in OLD tx w B__ of the B2 receptor
inc __ concentrations for bronchodilatoon
GI/neuro
arrhythmias
Kalemia/volemia, renal
antibody
stethoscope
cardiac tamponade
agonist
cAMP
Ductus arteriosus remains patent in presence of __
results in LtR shunt w LV Volume __ and HF
tx w __ in premature infants
__ in older pt
__ is MCC of sudden cardiac death w/in 48hrs of MI
related to eletrical __ of ischemic myocardium
sudden onset syncope in young pt indicates cardiac __
look for __ on ECG
goes from start of __ to end of __
syndromes include Jervell and Lange Neilsen which is inherited __ w __ deafness
other is Romano Ward inherited __ w no deafness
problems w __ channel
may predispose to __
PGE2
overload
indomethacin
surgery
vfib
instability
arrhythmia QT prolongation QRS, T AR, neurosensory AD K Torsades de poitnes
mutation in cardiac cytoskeleton protein thought to cause __ cardiomyopathy
sudden onset __
mutation in cardiac sarcomere protein underlies __
syncope w __
#1 risk factor for aortic dissection is \_\_ septum formed via tear in \_\_
dilated
LHF
HCM
exertion
hypertension
tunica intima
syncope and polymorphic QRS complexes indicates __
form of polymorphic ventricular __, always assc w prolonged ___
can terminate or progress to ventricular __
Acquired QT prolongation caused by hypo __/__
Class 1A anti Q/class 3 S
antibiotics M/F
or antipsychotic H
prominent granulation tissue/neovascularization is found in MI after __ wks
cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia develops w/in __ after onset
TdP tacchycardia QT interval fibrillation Kalemia/Mg quinidine, sotalol macrolide, fluoroquinolones haloperidol
2
12-24hrs
Restrictive cardiomyopathy presents w __ dysfxn
caused by __ dz, __/__ fibrosis
may lead to ventricular __ and ___ system abnormalities
Cardiac amyloidoss can develop from monoclonal __ (AL amyloid) or mutated transthyretin (familial) or wild type __ (senile)
biopsy shows myocardium amorphous/acellular __ material
__ is primary cardiac neoplasm in kids
obstructs __ leading to syncope/HF
biopsy shows bland __ in background of myxoid material
diastolic infiltrative, radition/endomyocardial hypertrophy, condxn light chain, thyretin pink
cardiac myxoma
MV
stellate
myopericarditis/dilated CM in pt from LA is __
multiple __ protozoa in myocardial fibers w dense __ infiltrate
__ myocarditis characterized by interstitial inflam infiltrate w mononuclear/eosinophils
extreme myofiber disarray w interstitial fibrosis indicates __
mutation in cardiac __ proteins
LV forms __ at 5ICS on MCL
all other heart chambers are _
elevated K is sign of __ toxicity as Na/K ATPase has been inhbited
chagas dz
parasitic, cellular
hypersensitivity
HCM
sarcomere
apex
medial
digoxin
