Friday Wk 3 Female Repro Flashcards
TS most commonly due to __ nondisjunction
loss of X chromosone results in missing __ gene which normally promotes long bone growth
also seen in K/P/E/D syndromes
balanced translocation is clinically __ but inc risk of having child w __ translocation
Prader Willi is loss of __ inherited genes on chromo15
paternal __deletion or maternal __
fx include neonatal H__, hyperphagia/obesity, short stature, small H/F, H__ and dysmorphic facies
Angelmen is loss of __ inherited allele from chromo 15
maternal _deletion or pateranl disomy
fx E/S, ataxia, poor language/motor development, inappropriate __/__
meiotic
SHOX
klinefelter, patau, edwards, down
paternally
micro, disomy
hypoglycemia
hands/feet, hypogonad
maternally
micro
epilepsy, seizures
smiling, laughing
uterine endometrium contains LP studded w __ glands and spiral arteries, dilated capillaries
Proliferative phase hs _ stimulate stratum functionale
nonbranching, nonbudding __ glands evenly distributed
as proliferation occurs, glands are N__ and lined w PS elongated active cells
stroma is non__
no __ present
endometrium thickens, but coiled spiral arteries are only in __ layers
may see cytoplasmic vacuoles in __
In secretory phase, glands __ and coil, lined w cytoplasmic vacuoules
glycogen rich __ is secreted, and stroma is edematous
prominent spiral arteries spread to __
tubular
E
uniform
narrow edematous secretions deeper epithelium
elongate
mucus
surface
Labor requires __ junctions to coordinate/synchronize muscle contraction
permit _ of molecules via connexon
Estrogen upregulates these gap jxns to inc myometrial E_
also inc O__ receptors to mediate Ca transport via ligand gated channels
Tght jxns composed of C/O to prevent passage of molecules
Claudins bound by C _ to cause watery diarrhea
Adherens/Desmosomes have C__
adherens anchored to A__
desmosomes anchored to I__
Hemidesmosomes bind to I__
fenestrae are gaps that allow for paracellular __
renal glomerular endothelial cells may be swollen in P
gap
diffusion
excitability
oxytocin
claudin, occludin
perfringens
cadherins
actin
intermediate filaments
integrins
transport
preeclampsia
Molar preg is gestational T_ disease
no F__ structures, appears as gross clusters like grapes
complete mole has pelvic __/__
uterus is __ and BHCG is high
due to trophobastic H__
US shows heterogenous mass w __ areas
RF include extremes of A_ and prior molar preg, infertility
Complete is due to fertilazation of ovum w out __ chromosomes
haploid 23X __ is duplicated to form 46XX
only __ tissue is present
__ mole has fetal tissue and placental villi intermixed w __ villi
fertilization via 2 __ w 69XXX, 69XXY genotype
trophoblastic fetal pain/bleeding large hyperplasia cystic age
maternal
sperm
paternal
partial
hydropic
sperm
removal of progesterone causes P__ prodxn to inc
VC of spiral __ occurs
also secretion of __ by endometrial stromal cells w __ of epithelium occurs
leads to S__ as menstrual flow
pt w wl, early satiety, epigastric pain and gastric thickening and adnexal mass likely has __ cancer metastasizing to the ovary
see __ ring cells w large amount of mucin displacing nucleus
spreads via L__ and peritoneal seeding
called a K__ tumor w primary gastic cancer and ovarian mets
Mature cystic teratomas have sebaceous glands/keratin indicating presence of H/S
prostaglandin
arterries
MMP, apoptosis
sloughing
gastric
signet
lymphatics
krukenburg
hair follicles, skin
Combined oral contraceptives or progestin implants suppress __ and pituitary LH/FSH release
this inhibits __
Local progesterone pills N__ or Levonorgestral IUD thicken cervical __ and prevent implantation
Copper IUD creates __ inflam response in uterus, stopping sperm migration
broad ligament connects lateral uterus/cervix to pelvic __
contains mesosalpinx on F__
mesoovarium inferion, covering ovarian H__
mesometrium to the R__ ligament
suspensory ligament of ovary is located L__ while ovarian ligament connects to uterus medially
Suspensory ligamnt contans ovarian A/V/L/N and thustmust be __ in surgery
GnRH
ovulation
norethindrone
mucus
cytotoxic
sidewall
fallopian tube
hilum
round
laterally
artery, vein, lymph, nerve
ligated
Androgens are released from theca __ cells under influence of LH
migrate to G__ cells to release Estradiol
rxn stimulated by __
Theca externa is __ for the follicle as smooth muscle
all female oocytes arrested in __ 1 until ovulation, which completes meiosis 1
w fertilization, complete __ 2
RF for endometriosis include N, early M, and prolonged menses
ectopic endometrium responds to __ and bleeds/sheds like normal
blood undergoes H__ and induces inflammation and adhesion formation
may interfere w O__ leading to infertility
implants into the uterosacral ligament lead to fixed, retroverted U__ w painful intercourse
shedding causes painful M_
interna
granulosa
FSH
support
prophase
meiosis
nulliparity, menses hormones hemolysis ovulation uterus mensses
Estrogen def can lead to glycogen __ in vaginal epithelium w dysparenuia
endometrial hyperplasia has __ gland/stroma ratio
RF for candidal vaginitis include __/__ therapy, uncontrolled DM, high E and I__
anything that reduces L__ a gram pos bacteria
Postpartum _ is failure of uterus to contract/stop placental bleeding
rf include prolonged L_ and twins
leads to uterine A__ w boggy uterus that is weak
tx w surgery
pelvic organs are supplied by I__ arteries
thus, ligatin stops __
collateral blood flow is provided by O__ arteries, maintaining fxn
def
inc
ab, GC, immunosuppresion
lactobacillus
hemorrhage
labor
atony
internal iliac
bleeding
ovarian
PID presents w lower ab pain and __
cervical motion __ and fever w mucopurulent discharge
may lead to inflammation of endometrium, __ or peritoneal cavity
comps include tuboovarian A__, infertility, ectopic __ and perihepatitis
must tx both Ngon/Ctrach otherwise __ develop
High TRH/VIP can stimulate release of P__
Pudendal nerve is branch of __ nerve roots
sensory to perineum and G__
motor to EAS and __ sphincter
landmarks are __ spine posterolateral from vagina
and __ ligament that runs posteromedially from IS
injection more __ can damage the IPA/IGA w hematoma formation
bleeding tenderness fallopian tubes abscess, preg comps
prolactin
S2-4 genitals urethral ischial sacrospinous medially
genitofemoral is __ to scrotum, labia majora and medial thigh
Mature teratomas have more than __ germ layer
usually seen hair, skin, teeth, bone and other __ tissues
Ectopic pregnancy shows immature __ villi at abnormal site
Ovarian carcinoma shows __/__ components as complex cysts
sensory
1
epidermal
chorionic
cystic, solid
prolactinoma sx in premen woman O/A, infertility, G, hot flashes, dec bone density Older woman have \_\_ effect sx men have I, dec L w I dx w \_\_ of brain
___ is benign neoplasm in young woman
asx, firm, unilateral mass w/out __
endometrium is simple __ epithelium w glands/stroma
w hemosiderin deposits/endometrial glands or stroma outside uterus, dx is __
look for flesh colored __ or powder burn ptterns w __ disease
oligo/amenorrhea, galactorrhea
mass
infertility, libido, impotence
MRI
fibroadenoma
secretion
columnar
endometriosis
nodules, adhesive
ovary is simple __ epithelium that can repair ovulatory surface defects
FT is simle __ epi
ciliated cells transport E/E
damage leads to many __
Stratum F__ sloughs during menstruation
EctoCervix is strat squamous, non kerat epi while endocervix is simple __
cervical glands secrete __ that is watery during ovulation
but forms plug in __
Vagina is Strat S__ nonkeratinized epi
acidic environment prevents __
cuboidal
columnar
egg, embryo
comps
functionalis
columnar
mucus
preg
squamous
infection
CIN precedes __ at squamocolumnar jxn
usually __ in young woman, unless persistent HPV is present
F__ is benign tumor of breast in woman 15-35
nodules of well demarcated, painless, M_ spherical
can be single or __ or bilateral
usually __ that inc in size w preg, lactation, or E therapy
cellular, M__ stroam that encircles cystic space
can compress glandular __
as women ages, epithelium __ and stroma is hyalinized
DCIS is malignant clonal cell proliferation surrounding the ductal __
SCC
transient
fibroadenoma mobile multiple palpable myxoid epithelium atrophies
BM
Medullary carcinoma of breast has solid __ of pleomorphc, mitotic cells w lymph infiltrate
noninfiltrating B__
Sclerosing __ has central acinar proliferation w compression/fibrotic tissue
G__ cell tumors are usually in postmenopausal woman
cells are small, cuboidal and form __ like structures (Call-exner body) w gland appearance and eosinophilic center
look for __ nuclei
have lots of __ and appear yellow
usually unilateral and secrete __ leading to endometrial hyperplasia
sheets
border
adenosis
granulosa follicle coffee bean lipids estrogen
dysgerminoma presents as rapidly growing mass or ruptured ovarian __
may be assc w P__
endodermal yolk sac tumor presents w ab pain due to __ without virilization
RF for cervical cancer infection w \_\_ history of \_\_ early sexual \_\_ multiple \_\_ Immuno\_\_ OCP use Low \_\_ tobacco use
cyst
pregnancy
torsion
HPV STD intercourse partners suppression SES
