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UWorld > Neuro 1 > Flashcards

Neuro 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic trauma/iatrogenic damage can lead to __ injury

SGN innvervates gluteus __/__ and tensor fascia latae

fxn to stabilize __ and abduct __

weakness causes pelvis to sag towards __ side when standing on affected leg (aka __)

w walking, will lean toward __ side to compensate for hip drop Aka gluteus medius __

A

superior gluteal nerve
medius/minimus

pelvis, thigh

contralateral, Trendelenburg sign

affected side, lurch

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2
Q

__ nerve innervates muscles for thigh flexion and knee extension

sensroy to skin of anterior __ and medial __
injury results in knee __ and lost __ refle

__ innvervates gluteus maximus, extension/external rotation of hip
injury leads to problems rising from __

A

Femoral

thigh, leg
buckling, patellar

IGN, chair

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3
Q

Arch 1 innervated by __ nevre
bones include M/Z/M/I/M
muscles are __

arch 2 ny __ nerve
bones include __ of temporal bone, __ of hyoid, and S
muscles for __

arch 3 by ___ nerve
loss of __/__

arch 4/6 by __ nerve
cartilaginous structures of __/__/__
may lead to __ dysfxn w loss

arch __ is nothing in the adult

A

trigeminal
maxilla, zygoma, mandble, incus, malleus
mastication

facial
styloid process, lesser horn, stapes
facial expression

glossopharyngeal
taste/gag

vagus
laryxn/cricoid/thyroid
autonomic

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4
Q

Treacher collins syndrome- abnormal development of __/__ arches

often see __ and __ difficulties

absent ossicles leads to __

A

1/2

feeding/airway

hearing loss

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5
Q

Serotoninergic neurons found in __ of brainstem

located in M/P/M

important in S/W cycle, A/M/S/P

Locus ceruleus houses __ secreting neurons
located in __

__ houses cell bodies of cholinergic neurons

motor coordination of upper extremities comes from __

A

raphe nuclei

midbrain, pons, medulla

sleep wake, anx, mood, sexuality, psychosis

NE
dorsal pons

NBoM

Red nucleus

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6
Q

Vitamin A overdose can lead to __

Acute w N/V/V/blurred __

chronic: A/D/H/H
Papilledema can indicate __

teratogenic affects include M/__ abnorms/fetal __

__ def may be seen w cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, ariboflavinosis

high __ may lead to hemorrhagic stroke/NEC

A

hepatotoxicity

vertigo/vsion

alopecia, dry skin, hyperlipidemia, hepatotox

microcephally, cardiac, death

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

VE

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7
Q

cold sores are __, caused by HSV1

reactivation, HSV particles rely on __ transport toward terminals
mediated by ___ that moves intracellular cargo

powered by __ and guided by __ to serve as track

__ is microtubule protein for retrograde transport (toward nucleus)
important for __ phase HSV

A

herpes labialis

anterograde axonal
kinesin

ATP hydrolysis, microtubules

dynein
latent

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8
Q

optimal location for LP is __/__ or __/__ spaces

L4 vertebral body lies between __

spinal cord terminates at___ in adults

A

L3/4 or L4/5

iliac crests

L1

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9
Q

cerebellar ataxia, telangectasias, inc risk of sinopulm infections dx is __
inc risk of __ malig
also see __/__ immune dysfxn
usuually __ deficiency

inherited __ due to mutation in __ gene, responsible for __ repair

hypersensitive to __ w multiple chromosomal breaks

A

Ataxia telangectasia
hematologic
cell mediated/humoral
IgA

AR, ATM, DNA strand

xray

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10
Q

mitochondiral iron transport improtnt for __ synthesis
inhibited by __

__ is immunodeficiency from lack of HLA 2

__ due to AR defect in sphingomyelinase
see HSM, anemia, H/A, cherry red macula

A

heme
lead

bare lymph syndrome

Niemann Pick disease
hypotonia/areflexia

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11
Q

ubiquitin aids in protein __
__ mediated attachment

removal occurs via __

abnormality can lead to formation of __ disorders

may lead to early onset ___

A

degredation
ATP

proteosomes

neurodegenrative

parkinsons

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12
Q

__ is condensed/methylated DNA w low level of trxn

__ is loose and is highly trxn
promoted by __

4 major dopaminergic pathways
M/M/T/N

Mesolimbic/cortical regulate __/__
hyperactivity of ML can lead to positive sx of __

low activity of MC leads to __

A

heterochromatin

euchromatin
histone acetylation

mesolimbic, mesocortical, tuberoinfundibular, nigrostriatal

cognition, behavior
Schizophrenia

neg sx

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13
Q

Antipsychotics like __/__ block D2R in mesolimbic pathway

can tx __ of schizophrenia

can disrupt __ pathway for voluntary movement, leading to extrapyramidal SE

__ pathway is resposible for inhibiting __ secretion

Antipsychotics can interrupt, causing __/___/___

A

haloperidol/risperadone

pos sx

Nigrostriatl

TI, prolactin

hyperprolactinemia/galactorrhea/amenorrhea

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14
Q

_ connects broca/wernicke’s areas
disruption leads to __ aphasia w impaired repetition

disruption of __ can result in Horner Syndrome

A

Arcuate fasciculus
condution

hypothalamospinal tract

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15
Q

Potency of inhaled anesthetic determined by minimum conc necessary to achieve ___

__ is % of anesthetic inspired that renders 50% of pt unresponsive

Potency is __ proportional to MAC

depends only on __ and dec w ___

clearance is via __

A

anesthesia

MAC

indirectly

body temp, age

exhalation

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16
Q

HIV pt, seizure, HA, ring enhancing lesion dx is __

__ indicates IC

__ in neutropenic pt

solitary, butterfly appearance would indicate ___

possibly __ w multiple brain lesions and travel to S/C america

A

toxoplasmosis

thrush

Aspergillus

gliobastomas

neurocysticercosis

17
Q

__ is anticholingergic admin prior to bronchoscopy to dec mucus and promote __

Anticholinergics competitiley inhibit __ centrally/peripherally

particularly affevt __ due to dec renal/hepatic clearance

Cholinesterase inhibs
Tertiary amines P/G/D/R
lipophilic and cross BBB to stop _/__ SE

Quaternary amines N/E/P are hydrophilic, and only used for __ sx

A

atropine, bronchodilation

ach receptor

elderly

physostigmine, galantamine, donezipil, rivastigmine
C/P

neostigmine, edrophonium, pyridostigmine
P

18
Q

__ is LA benzo that modulates __ activity

anticholingeric SE
H
D
R
B
M
F
F
A

diazepam, GABA-A

hot
dry
blind
red
mad
full
fast
19
Q

Muscarinic effects
DUMBELS

__ is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in pesticides
inhibit __/__ synapses leading to dec ACH degredation

Nicotinic activation leads to M/W/P

both receptors inhibited can lead to S/C

Atropine has no effect at __ receptors, pt still at risk for __

__ is cholinesterase reactivating agent to degrade Ach at both receptors

A

diarrhea/diaphoresis, urination, miosis, broncospasm, emesis, lacrimation, salivation

muscle weakness, paralysis, fasiculations

seizure/coma

nicotinic

paralysis

Pralidoximine

20
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia commonly affects CN V /

tx w __to inhibit firing by dec __ channels to recover from inactivation

induces __
SE is ___

A

V2/V3

Carbamezipine, Na

p450
aplastic anemia

21
Q

CN 4 innervats __ muscle, causing eye to __ and __ while abducted

damage is __/__

injury leads to __ diplopia, such as walking downstairs
look for impaired __ gaze

pt will _ chin and tilt head __

A

SO
intort, depress

traumatic/idiopathic

vertical
downward

tuck, away

22
Q

circadian rhythm maintained by __ of hypothalamus

receieves input from ganglion cells in __ via retinohypothalamic tract

SCN sends info to __ gland for release of C/M

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

retina

pineal, cortisol/melatonin

23
Q

__ nucleus of hypothalmus mediates heat dissipation, destrxn leads to __

__ HN leads to heat conservation, destrxn leads to __

__ HN releases dopamine, HHRH, GnRH

__ HN releases ADH, CRH, Oxytocin, THRH

__ HN releases ADH/oxytocin

A

anterior, hyperthermia

posterior, hypothermia

arcuate

paraventricular

supraoptic

24
Q

blotchy red muscle fiber on Gomori trichome stain indivates ___
mitochondria ccumulate uner __ of muscle

thinked Red __ disease
inc number, abnormal shaped __

can lead to MERRF, LON, MELAS

caused by problems in __
only transferred from __

A

mitochondrial myopathy
sarcolemma

ragged fiber
mito

myoclonic epilepsy w RRF, leber optic neuro, MELAS

mtDNA
mother

25
Q

Common AE of MS- demylinated __

impairs __ of light reflex
signal transmoitted to __ nucleus

then project to EW nucleus on __/__ side

efferent fibers are PNS __ in EW nucleus, traveling w CN __ to ciliary ganglion

synapse on __ neurons to innervate sphincter of iris

thus, no light reflex in __

A

optic nerve

affarent limb, pretectal

ipsi/contra

preganglionics, 3

postgang

affected eye

26
Q

CN V3 provides sensory info to __ and motor to __
M/M/T close jaw
Lateral __ opens

unilateral CN V3 injury leads to unopposed action of __ pterygoid, mandible deviates toward side of __

CN V3 exits skull via ___

CN V2 exits via ___

CN V1 passes through __

Jugular foramen contains CN ____/__

A

face, mastication
masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis
pterygoid

contralateral, paralysis

foramen ovale

foramen rotundum

superior orbital fissure

9/10/11

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