Neuro 1 Flashcards
Pelvic trauma/iatrogenic damage can lead to __ injury
SGN innvervates gluteus __/__ and tensor fascia latae
fxn to stabilize __ and abduct __
weakness causes pelvis to sag towards __ side when standing on affected leg (aka __)
w walking, will lean toward __ side to compensate for hip drop Aka gluteus medius __
superior gluteal nerve
medius/minimus
pelvis, thigh
contralateral, Trendelenburg sign
affected side, lurch
__ nerve innervates muscles for thigh flexion and knee extension
sensroy to skin of anterior __ and medial __
injury results in knee __ and lost __ refle
__ innvervates gluteus maximus, extension/external rotation of hip
injury leads to problems rising from __
Femoral
thigh, leg
buckling, patellar
IGN, chair
Arch 1 innervated by __ nevre
bones include M/Z/M/I/M
muscles are __
arch 2 ny __ nerve
bones include __ of temporal bone, __ of hyoid, and S
muscles for __
arch 3 by ___ nerve
loss of __/__
arch 4/6 by __ nerve
cartilaginous structures of __/__/__
may lead to __ dysfxn w loss
arch __ is nothing in the adult
trigeminal
maxilla, zygoma, mandble, incus, malleus
mastication
facial
styloid process, lesser horn, stapes
facial expression
glossopharyngeal
taste/gag
vagus
laryxn/cricoid/thyroid
autonomic
Treacher collins syndrome- abnormal development of __/__ arches
often see __ and __ difficulties
absent ossicles leads to __
1/2
feeding/airway
hearing loss
Serotoninergic neurons found in __ of brainstem
located in M/P/M
important in S/W cycle, A/M/S/P
Locus ceruleus houses __ secreting neurons
located in __
__ houses cell bodies of cholinergic neurons
motor coordination of upper extremities comes from __
raphe nuclei
midbrain, pons, medulla
sleep wake, anx, mood, sexuality, psychosis
NE
dorsal pons
NBoM
Red nucleus
Vitamin A overdose can lead to __
Acute w N/V/V/blurred __
chronic: A/D/H/H
Papilledema can indicate __
teratogenic affects include M/__ abnorms/fetal __
__ def may be seen w cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, ariboflavinosis
high __ may lead to hemorrhagic stroke/NEC
hepatotoxicity
vertigo/vsion
alopecia, dry skin, hyperlipidemia, hepatotox
microcephally, cardiac, death
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
VE
cold sores are __, caused by HSV1
reactivation, HSV particles rely on __ transport toward terminals
mediated by ___ that moves intracellular cargo
powered by __ and guided by __ to serve as track
__ is microtubule protein for retrograde transport (toward nucleus)
important for __ phase HSV
herpes labialis
anterograde axonal
kinesin
ATP hydrolysis, microtubules
dynein
latent
optimal location for LP is __/__ or __/__ spaces
L4 vertebral body lies between __
spinal cord terminates at___ in adults
L3/4 or L4/5
iliac crests
L1
cerebellar ataxia, telangectasias, inc risk of sinopulm infections dx is __
inc risk of __ malig
also see __/__ immune dysfxn
usuually __ deficiency
inherited __ due to mutation in __ gene, responsible for __ repair
hypersensitive to __ w multiple chromosomal breaks
Ataxia telangectasia
hematologic
cell mediated/humoral
IgA
AR, ATM, DNA strand
xray
mitochondiral iron transport improtnt for __ synthesis
inhibited by __
__ is immunodeficiency from lack of HLA 2
__ due to AR defect in sphingomyelinase
see HSM, anemia, H/A, cherry red macula
heme
lead
bare lymph syndrome
Niemann Pick disease
hypotonia/areflexia
ubiquitin aids in protein __
__ mediated attachment
removal occurs via __
abnormality can lead to formation of __ disorders
may lead to early onset ___
degredation
ATP
proteosomes
neurodegenrative
parkinsons
__ is condensed/methylated DNA w low level of trxn
__ is loose and is highly trxn
promoted by __
4 major dopaminergic pathways
M/M/T/N
Mesolimbic/cortical regulate __/__
hyperactivity of ML can lead to positive sx of __
low activity of MC leads to __
heterochromatin
euchromatin
histone acetylation
mesolimbic, mesocortical, tuberoinfundibular, nigrostriatal
cognition, behavior
Schizophrenia
neg sx
Antipsychotics like __/__ block D2R in mesolimbic pathway
can tx __ of schizophrenia
can disrupt __ pathway for voluntary movement, leading to extrapyramidal SE
__ pathway is resposible for inhibiting __ secretion
Antipsychotics can interrupt, causing __/___/___
haloperidol/risperadone
pos sx
Nigrostriatl
TI, prolactin
hyperprolactinemia/galactorrhea/amenorrhea
_ connects broca/wernicke’s areas
disruption leads to __ aphasia w impaired repetition
disruption of __ can result in Horner Syndrome
Arcuate fasciculus
condution
hypothalamospinal tract
Potency of inhaled anesthetic determined by minimum conc necessary to achieve ___
__ is % of anesthetic inspired that renders 50% of pt unresponsive
Potency is __ proportional to MAC
depends only on __ and dec w ___
clearance is via __
anesthesia
MAC
indirectly
body temp, age
exhalation
HIV pt, seizure, HA, ring enhancing lesion dx is __
__ indicates IC
__ in neutropenic pt
solitary, butterfly appearance would indicate ___
possibly __ w multiple brain lesions and travel to S/C america
toxoplasmosis
thrush
Aspergillus
gliobastomas
neurocysticercosis
__ is anticholingergic admin prior to bronchoscopy to dec mucus and promote __
Anticholinergics competitiley inhibit __ centrally/peripherally
particularly affevt __ due to dec renal/hepatic clearance
Cholinesterase inhibs
Tertiary amines P/G/D/R
lipophilic and cross BBB to stop _/__ SE
Quaternary amines N/E/P are hydrophilic, and only used for __ sx
atropine, bronchodilation
ach receptor
elderly
physostigmine, galantamine, donezipil, rivastigmine
C/P
neostigmine, edrophonium, pyridostigmine
P
__ is LA benzo that modulates __ activity
anticholingeric SE H D R B M F F
diazepam, GABA-A
hot dry blind red mad full fast
Muscarinic effects
DUMBELS
__ is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in pesticides
inhibit __/__ synapses leading to dec ACH degredation
Nicotinic activation leads to M/W/P
both receptors inhibited can lead to S/C
Atropine has no effect at __ receptors, pt still at risk for __
__ is cholinesterase reactivating agent to degrade Ach at both receptors
diarrhea/diaphoresis, urination, miosis, broncospasm, emesis, lacrimation, salivation
muscle weakness, paralysis, fasiculations
seizure/coma
nicotinic
paralysis
Pralidoximine
Trigeminal neuralgia commonly affects CN V /
tx w __to inhibit firing by dec __ channels to recover from inactivation
induces __
SE is ___
V2/V3
Carbamezipine, Na
p450
aplastic anemia
CN 4 innervats __ muscle, causing eye to __ and __ while abducted
damage is __/__
injury leads to __ diplopia, such as walking downstairs
look for impaired __ gaze
pt will _ chin and tilt head __
SO
intort, depress
traumatic/idiopathic
vertical
downward
tuck, away
circadian rhythm maintained by __ of hypothalamus
receieves input from ganglion cells in __ via retinohypothalamic tract
SCN sends info to __ gland for release of C/M
suprachiasmatic nucleus
retina
pineal, cortisol/melatonin
__ nucleus of hypothalmus mediates heat dissipation, destrxn leads to __
__ HN leads to heat conservation, destrxn leads to __
__ HN releases dopamine, HHRH, GnRH
__ HN releases ADH, CRH, Oxytocin, THRH
__ HN releases ADH/oxytocin
anterior, hyperthermia
posterior, hypothermia
arcuate
paraventricular
supraoptic
blotchy red muscle fiber on Gomori trichome stain indivates ___
mitochondria ccumulate uner __ of muscle
thinked Red __ disease
inc number, abnormal shaped __
can lead to MERRF, LON, MELAS
caused by problems in __
only transferred from __
mitochondrial myopathy
sarcolemma
ragged fiber
mito
myoclonic epilepsy w RRF, leber optic neuro, MELAS
mtDNA
mother
Common AE of MS- demylinated __
impairs __ of light reflex
signal transmoitted to __ nucleus
then project to EW nucleus on __/__ side
efferent fibers are PNS __ in EW nucleus, traveling w CN __ to ciliary ganglion
synapse on __ neurons to innervate sphincter of iris
thus, no light reflex in __
optic nerve
affarent limb, pretectal
ipsi/contra
preganglionics, 3
postgang
affected eye
CN V3 provides sensory info to __ and motor to __
M/M/T close jaw
Lateral __ opens
unilateral CN V3 injury leads to unopposed action of __ pterygoid, mandible deviates toward side of __
CN V3 exits skull via ___
CN V2 exits via ___
CN V1 passes through __
Jugular foramen contains CN ____/__
face, mastication
masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis
pterygoid
contralateral, paralysis
foramen ovale
foramen rotundum
superior orbital fissure
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