Neuro 7 Flashcards
pt w Down syndrome is predisposed to early onset __
look for __ tangles and __ plaques
__ will accumulate in neurons
AD has dec Ach due to dec __ transferase
AD
neurofibrillary, AB
APP
__ accumulates in familial amyloid polyneuropathy or cardiomyopathy
influx of __ causes fusion of presynaptic vesicles to plasma membrane and release of Ach
nicotinic Ach receptors on postsynaptic cleft are ligand gated __/__ channels
inc conductance results in inc __ for depolarization
rapid __ influx causes upstroke of AP in sekeltal/cardiac/smooth muscle/perkinje fibers
rapid __ influx causes upstroke of AP in SA node
transthyretin
Na/K
potential
Na
Ca
Ach releease at NMJ depends on __ influx
Muscarinic agonists inc __ activity
endothelial surface has __ receptors, release NO to vasc smooth muscle
activates GC to inc __
this activates myosin __ phosphatase, resulting in smooth muscle __ an vaso__ and hypotension
other affects include detrusor __
__ intestinal peristalsis
M__
S__
Ca
PNS
M3
cGMP
light chain
relaxation, dilation
contraction
inc
salivation
miosis
__ receptors in cardiac muscle
dec in cAMP leads to opening of __
dec I/C
__ is transmembrane glycoprotein on presynaptic vesicle, neuroectoderm/endocrine cells
postive IR for synaptophysin indicates __ tumor
__ stain positive for GFAP
ie A/GM/O/E
M2
K channels
inotropy/chronotropy
synaptophysin
neuronal
gliomas
astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma
C5/C6 nerves mediate __/__ reflexes
CN 9/10/11 pass through the __ in the skull
\_\_ syndrome is lesion of JF loss of taste from posterior 1/3 via \_\_ loss gag via CN \_\_ dysphagia va CN \_\_ hoarse via Cn \_\_ palate droop via CN \_\_ SCM/trapezius lost via CN \_\_
biceps/brachioradialis
JF
vernet 9 9/10 9/10 10 10 11
Neonatal IVH occurs in __ w/in first 5 days
can be asx or have dec C/__ movement
bulging __, __ posture, s/c
seen w low a/birth ___
originates in __ in subventricular zone
neurons/glial cells formed here before __ w
prematurity
conscious, spontaneous, AF, decerebrate, seizure, coma
age/weight
germinal matrix
32
optic nerves travel via optic tract to the __ of thalamus before reaching primary visual cortex
inferior __/__ part of auditory pathway
CPM presents w osmotic demyelination of the __ tracts
__ palsy due demyelination of CN __/__/__ w head/neck weakness/dysphagia/dysarthria
pseudobulbar bc _ remain intact
too rapid correction of hyperNa results in __
LGN
colliculus, MGN
CS
psuedobulbar, 9/10/11
neurons
cerebral edema
__ of parietal lobe is supplied by MCA
part of PAC to integrate __ information
lesion results in __ syndrome
A/A/finger __ and __ disorientation
injury to dorsolateral medulla can result in \_\_ syndrome lostof \_\_ loss \_\_/\_\_ of ipsi face and contra body ipsi \_\_ muscle weakness ipsi limb \_\_ and \_\_ syndroe
angular gyrus
multisensory
Gerstman
agraphia, acalculia, agnosia, LR
Wallenburg PICA pain/temp bulbar ataxtia/Horner
__ is inc resistance to muscle movement/inc in tonic reflexes
in MS, due to loss of inhibitory control from __ and inc __ activity
tx w B__ a GABAB agonist
or T __ an alpha 2 agonist for brain/spinal cord spasticity
1st gen __ have sig anticholinergic effects
__ muscle attaches to lens via zonular fibers
under PNS control from __ ganglion
if inhibited, __ is limited causing blurry vision for close objects
pupillary sphincter also receives PNS innervation from __, so anticholinergics can cause __
spasticity
UMN, LMN
baclofen
tizandine
antihistamines
ciliary muscle
EMN
accomodation
EWN, mydriasis
antihistamines can also block __ receptors and __ receptors
opioids work by binding _ coupled opioid receptors
long term activation can lead to inc __ via receptor d__ and d__
also upregulation of N__ receptors
results in T__ and pain sensation triggered by normal phenoms aka __ indced hyperalgesia
B__ is partial opioid agonist w low activity at receptor but binds w __
this, can act as opioid receptor __ w full agonists
this leads to ___
alpha adrenergic, serotonin
Gprotein
pain sensitivity, downregulation/decoupling
NMDA
tolerance
opioid
buprenorphine, high affinity
antag
__ is anesthetic used for induction/maintence of general/procedural sedation
rapid onset as preferentially distributed to area of high __ like brain
over time, redistributed to organs w less __, causing rapid termination
metabolized by __ w long half life
propofol
blood flow
blood flow
liver
ependymal layer of chorid plexus is simple ciliated __ w TJ bw cells
acute bacterial meningitis occurs w organism colonizing the __ and penentrating endothelium w spread to __ and finally entering the __
basilar skull fracture can lead to __ leakage
infection w __ then can result
columar epithelium
nasopharynx, blood, choroid
CSF
S pneumo
GBS caused by molecular mimicry to pathogen w __ like substannce in LPS layer
thus t cells/antibodies react w __ component in myelin/schwann cells
__ forms as SC ends at L2 in adults
Conus medullaris syndrome is lesion at __
flaccid paralysis of b_, I and saddle anesthesia (S3-5)
usually due to _ herniation, tumor, spinal fracture
__ results from rupture of IV disc/trauma to lower vertebrae
sx include __/__ pain, __ anesthesia, loss of __ reflex and ___ reflex w bowel/bldder problems
usually have lesion of S__/__
ganglioside
ganglioside
conus medullaris
L2
bladder, impotence
disc
CES
back/leg, saddle, anocutaneous/ankle
S2-4
__ concentration gradient reflects tissue solubility of anesthetic
if high, tissue solubility is __ meaning onset of action is __ and brain saturation is delayed\
lower periheral uptake/small AV gradient allows drug to __ in brain fast
AV
high, slow
equilibrate
__ nerve enters forearm anterior to lateral epicondyl
__ branch for sensory info, __ for motor info
as radial nerve passes in __ canal, deep branch allows for motor to __/__ extension
compression can occur w repetitive __/__ or dislocation of __
presents w dec finger/thumb __ finger drop
__ branches are preserved
damage at the __ of humerus causes loss of sensation as well as wrist drop
radial
superficial
deep
supinator
fnger/thumb
pronation/supination, radius
extension
sensory
midshaft
