Sat Wk 3 Mix Flashcards
first pharyngeal arch splits into upper __ prominence and lower __ prominence
fusion of 2 medial nasal prominences form midline intermaxillary _
this forms P_ of upper lip, medial 4 maxillary teeth and primary p__
left/right maxillary prominences for to fuse w MIS to form upper __ and primary palate
if maxillary prominences fail to fuse to MIS, unilateral __ results
if both fail to fuse w MIS, bilateral __ results
failure of __ prominences to fuse medially or with secondary palate leads to __
Micrognathia is hypoplasia of __ prominence
in Pierre Robin sequence, results in posterior displaced __ w failed fusion of secondary __ (cleft palate)
maxillary, mandibular
segment
philtrum, palate
lip
cleft lip
cleft lip
maxillary
cleft palate
mandibular
tongue
palate
Conductive hearing loss is impaired transmission of __ virbations into ear
sensorineural involves Cochlea or __ nerve
__ test compares air v bone conduction
air conducted sound should be hear __ and longer
normal if best w __ conduction
bone greater than air suggests __ hearing loss
__ test places tunig fork on forehead
vibration carried by __ should be normal in both
if vibration louder in one ear, that is __
Conductive hearing loss causes lateralization to __ ear
sensorineural causes lateralization to __ ear
air
auditory
Rinne
louder
air
conductive
weber bone abnormal affected unaffected
tx of friends/family should be limited to __ situations w no other physician available
for RNA to be purified from virus, it must be N__
must be __ sense and single stranded, as other combos require other enzymes
must act directly as _ using host cell machinery to infect cell
Vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa by __ agonists used as decongestant
P, X, O are examples
can lead to tachylplaxis or rapidly __ effect
due to dec prodxn of endo __ due to neg feedback
leads to vaso__ w edema/congestion
rebound __ is congestion w/out cough, sneezing, drip
assc w excessive D__, stop and normal fxn returns
effect also seen w N__
emergency
naked
poisitve
mRNA
A1 phenylephrine, xylometolazine, oxymetolazine declining NE dilation rhinorrhea decongestants nitroglycerin
C__ is squamous cell debris behind tympanic membrane
appears as __ mass
assc w __
Primary is due to __ pressure in middle ear causing retraction pockets
become __ as squamos debris accumulates
Secondary occurs as squamous epithelium __ to middle ear
sx include painless o__
can produce lytic enzymes and erode __ ossicles w conductive hearing loss
can erode vestivular apparatus or __ nerve
leads to V or bell palsy
C__ granuloma forms behind ear after hemorrhage
blue black __ material behind TM
__ is mc malignant tumor of ear
see ulcerated __ or nodule
causes local/regional __
cholesteoma pearly trauma neg cystic migration
otorrhea
auditory
facial
vertigo
cholesterol
gelatinous
SCC
plaque
pain
orbit bounded superiorly by thick orbital plate of __ bone
laterally by thick Z__ and greater/lesser sphenoid
orbital floor s thin bone separating from __ sinus
medial wall is thin E/L bones separating from air cells
thus, weakest points are _/__ and fluid can enter these spaces
frontal
zygoma
maxillary
ethmoid, lacrimal
medially, inferiorly
majority of nose bleeds occur in __ area of nasal septum aka kiesselbach plexus
anastamoses of septal branch of anteror __ artery
lateral nasal branch of S__ artery
septal branch of superior _ artery
thus, compress or cautery the K__ plexus
branches of S__ arteyr supply posterolateral wall/chonae
corresponds to __ nosebleeds and are serious
anterior
ethmoidal
sphenopalantine
labial
kiesselbach
sphenopalatine
Superior, middle, inferior __ covered in mucus and warm/humidy/filter air
__ meatus drains sphenoid/posterior ethmoid sinuses
__ meatus drains F, M, anterior ethmoid sinus
__ meatus drains nasolacrimal duct
pt w severe ear pain, drainage, normal TM but granulation tissue has __ OE
caused by P__
turbinates
superior
middle
inferior
malignant
pseudomonas
Pseudo is M__ aerobic gram neg
tx w A__ or antipseudomonal P__
3/4th gen ceph like C, C
or Q or M, or C
use antifungal N__ for oral candidiasis as it is not absorbed
freq occurs in __ due to immaturity of immune system
__ recess lies on either side of laryngeal orifice
food is diverted by __ to piriform recesses w out endangering the airway
thin mucous overlies PR and __ nerve
provides __ information superior to vocal cords
can be damaged leading to loss of __ reflex
Salivation is mediated by CN_
fibers synapse on __ ganglion and post gang fibers travel to __ gland
motile
aminoglycoside, penicllin
cefepime, ceftazidime
quinolone, monobactam, carbapenem
nystatin
children
piriform esophagus inferior laryngeal nerve sensory cough
9
otic
parotid
corneal reflex causes O_ to contract eyelids
jaw jerk reflex stimulates __ contraction
sensory/motor by __
VO reflex is compensatory eye movements that provide image __ when head/body moves
afferent is CN __ and efferent is CN __/__/__
Cough relfex mediated sensory/motor by CN __
Gag reflex has contraction of pharyngeal __ muscles w touching back of throat
orbicularis oculi
masseter
CNV3
stabilization
CN8
3, 4, 6
X
constrictor
inferior thyroid artery is branch of __ artery
provides blood to T__ gland
runs very close to __ nerve
superior thyroid artery runs near external branch of __ laryngeal nerve
external is motor to __
internal is sensory to __ area
subclavian
thyroid
Recurrent laryngeal
superior
cricothyroid
supraglottic
Cricothyrotomy passes through skin, __ cervical fascia w subq fat and platysma
investing/pretracheal D__ cervical fascia
__ membrane
Deep cervical fascia
Investing layer surrounds __ like collar, enclosing all other parts
inc S__, T__ and strap muscles
submaxillary and __ gland
Pretracheal is anterior __ and blends w carotid sheath
encloses __ of neck
Prevertebral layer surrounds __ column and muscles of spine
encloses V__ and paraspinal muscles
Carotid sheath lies __ to retropharyngeal space and deep to SCM muscle
encases __ artry, IJ vein and __ nerve
superficial
deep
criothyroid
neck
SCM, trapezius
parotid
neck
viscera
vertebral
vertebrae
lateral
carotid, vagus
transduction of mechanical sound to nerve impulses occurs via Organ of __
sound vibrates __ to reach mid ear
vibration transferred to __ window by ossicles
vibration of OW vibrates __ membrane to bend hair cell cilia against tectorial membrane
causes oscillating __/__ polarizations of auditory nerve
noise induced hearing loss damages stereociliated __ cells
normally dampens effect of loud noise by causing S/T muscles to contract and dec responsiveness
w distortion, __ freq sound is lost first
corti TM oval basilar hyper/de
hair
stapedius, tensor tympani
high
hearing loss from __ nerve is due to vestibular schwannoma
usually __ side
distal __ for low freq sound
hearing loss of air/bone condxn is defect in middle ear __ like otosclerosis
external ear receives cutaneous innervation from great __ nerve, lesser occipital nerve, and auriculo__ nerve
external auditory canal is innervated by __
posterior portion is small auricular branch of __ nerve
auxillary
one
cochlea
ossicles
auricular, temporal
CNV3
vagus
pt w __ disease has inc volume/pressure of endolymph
defective __ of endolymph, damaging vestibular/cochlear portions
triad of low freq __ in affected ear
__ as spinning, lighthead, NV
__ hearing loss in affected ear
BPPV has __ in semicircular canals
brought on by __ movement
no __ sx
Vestibular neuritis/labrynthitis is inflam of __ nerve
single __ that can persist
severe __ but no hearing loss
meniere
resorption
tinnitus
vertigo
sensorineural
otoliths
head
auditory
vestibular
episode
vertigo
DNR involves __ life support and advanced __ life support
pt w no fam hx of AR cx has same risk as that of __
use __ analysis to estimate freq
p+q = ___
for rare autosomal recessive disorder, p is usually __
therefore, carrier freq 2pq becomes __
thus, w carrier mother, eq is
.5 x 2q x .5 (father)
basic, cardiac
general pop
HW
1
1
2q
