Wed Wk 3 Infectious Disease Flashcards
Genetic shift involves __ of genomic segments of strains of viruses
usually coinfecting other __
key feature is the __ nature of the genome
such as R, O, R, B, A
point mutations are slower, responsible for genetic __
rearrngement
animals
segmented
rotavirus, orthomyoxyvirus, reovirus, bunyavirus, arenavirus
ab therapy in pt w acute cholecystitis is necessary to prevent a s___ infection due to biliary stasis
P__ is a uricosuric that blocks renal tubular __ of penicillins/cephalosporins, thus prolonging half life
Penicillin usually administered w A__ as cell wall is disrupted allowing for entry
secondary
probenecid
excretion
aminoglycoside
HPV infects __ epithelial cells through small breaks in skin/mucosa
prefers __ squamous epi, found in anus, vagina, cervix
T__ vocal cords have squamous epithelium and thus baby can get respiratory P__
presents w weak __ and hoarseness w stridor
Nasal cavity, upper pharynx, F__ vocal cords, trachea, bronchi have __ columnar epi
mucus cells _ air and trap debris
cilia beat debris toward __
Cuboidal epithelium is found on B__ to conduct air to alveoli
Simple squamous epithelium found on __ for gas exchange
basal stratified true papillomatosis cry
false, ciliated pseudostratified
moisten
pharynx
bronchioles
alveoli
__ is comma shaped, oxidase positive gram neg rod
grown on highly alkaline media like __ agar
must survive __ pH of stomach to make it to SI and cause disease
thus, pt w achlorhydria from __ therapy has lower burden resulting in dz
V vulnificus affects pt w __ disease
transmitted via __
V cholera
TCBS
acidic
PPI
liver
penetration
influenza vaccines contain multiple __ as ab against 1 strain do not protect others
vaccine fxns by inducing __ antibodies against hemagluttinin
w exposure to virus, antibody blocks hemagluttinin binding and __ stopping endocytosis
live attenuated vaccines can stimulate __ processing pathway to generate CD8 T cell response to kill virus
virally infected cells can release interferon __/__ to induce synth of antiviral proteins
suppresses viral _ and assembly
antigens
neutralizing
cell entry
MHC Class 1
A, B
replication
Protein __ in strep pyo inhibits phagocytosis and activation of complement
also is cytotoxic for __ and mediates bacterial attachment
is __ to type
H__ has antiphagocytic activity in capsule
cannot be distinguished from human __ and is not immunogenic
Streptolysin O lyses __ and PMN
DNAse depolymerizes DNA in __ to thwart PMNs
M
PMNs
antigenic
hyaluronidase
RBC
PMN
upon DNA separation, positive supercoils can form that __ DNA if not relieved
__ 2 induces neg supercoils to relieve tension
DNA Poly 1 has __ exonuclease activity, allowing it to remove primers
DNA Poly 3 does __ have this
in young male w infectious urethritis, it is likely to be __ and __
tx Gonorrhea w IM __
C trachomantis requires D or M due to unusual cell wall
fragments
Topo2
5’-3’
not
N gonorrhea, C trachomantis
ceftriaxone
Doxycycline, macrolides
Alcohol disorganizes __ structure of membranes, denaturing proteins
requires __ for maximal activity
Effective agianst T, F, V but not spores
Chlorhexidine destabilizes cell __ and coagulates intracellular portions
used for surgery but not N/O/O procedures due to neurotoxicity
Formaldehyde akylates and __ DNA
used to sterilize __ that cannot be autoclaved
Iodine attaches __ to DNA/proteins
used in surgery, but less effective than C__
H2O2 produces __
good for __ objects, less so for organic
H/I are sporicidal
lipid
water
Tb, fungus, virus
membranes
neuro/optho/otologic
cross links
instruments
halogen
chlorhexidine
free radicals
inorganic
H2O2, iodine
ESBL can be located on __ to transfer bw organisms via conjugation
use C instead
other penicillin resistances due to mutated __/__
Vanc due to mutated peptidoglycan __
impaired influx and inc __
Quinoloes due to mutated DNA __ and drug pumps
Aminoglycoside resistance via aminoglycoside __ enzyme, mutated __ subunit, __ protein
Tetracycles via drug __ and inactived enzyme
Rifamycins w mutated RNA __
plasmid
carbapenem
porin, PBP
cell wall
efflux
gyrase
modifying, ribosomal, porin
efflux
polymerase
Gram neg rods
Fast lactose fermenters include K, E, E
Nonlactose fermenter, oxidase Posiive is P
Nonlactose fermenter, nonoxidase, TSI w/out H2S is S__
nonlactose fermenter, nonoxidase, TSI w H2S is S, P
klebsiella, e coli, enterobacter
pseudomonas
shigella
salmonella, proteus
IgA antibodies normally bind to __ and other membrane proteins to prevent bacterial adherence
Encapsulated bacteria can produce IgA __ to allow bacterial adherence
pt w HA, memory loss, CSF positive for VDRL and pleocytosis has ___ and can occur at any stage
3 syphillis form _ as painless, indurated granulomatous lesion
on skin, subq, B__ and organs
can lead to __ aortic aneursym/calcification and aortic __
Primary syphillis starts w painless __ at inoculation site
Secondary presents w diffuse __ over palms/soles
may have condyloma __ as warts on genital/perianal region
pili
protease
neurosyph
gumma
bone
ascending, insufficiency
ulcer
rash
lata
Klebsiella granulomatis produces __ inguinale
pt has inguinal swelling, ulcer, abscess and F
gram stain shows rod shaped intracytoplasmic inclusion called __ body
Bacterial vaginosis caused by alteration in __ flora w loss of lactobacilli
facultative, gram variable __ w gray/white discharge
produces __ odor w KOH as it volarizes amines
look for _ on wet mount
pH __ 4.5
tx w C that inhibits 50s subunit
Or M__ that damages DNA
granuloma
fistula
Donovan
normal anaerobe fishy clue cells greater
clindamycin
metro
thin, yellow green malodours dischagre w vaginal inflammation is __
pH > 4.5 w motile __
tx w M__
thick, curd discharge w vaginal inflammation is C__
ph is __ w pseudohyphae
tx w __ which inhibits 14 a __
Clostridium acquires virulence via __ mediated infection of tox gene
known as __ beta
phage infects host bacterium, integrates its genome into host genome is called L___
Strep pneumo acquires ability to produce capsules via T__
trichomoniasis
trichomonads
metro
candid
normal
fluconazole, demethylase
phage
cornephage
lysogenization
transformation
C__ is direct transfer of plasmids
usually genes for __ resistance
E coli acquires ability for __
Bacillus synthesizes toxin when environment is __ to 37c w adequate protein/CO2
Clostridium req __ environment
conjugation
antibiotic
pilus
warmed
anaerobic
Listeria req __ immunity for clearance
found in __/__/__ pts
produces __ to have resistance to cephalosporins
tx w A__ instead
H influenza is susceptible to __/__
Listeria, MRSA, enterococci are resistant to Cephalosporins via resistant __
Atypicals are due to lack of __
Cell mediated
infant, IC, elderly
PBP
ampicillin
BL/BLI
PBP
cell wall
