Immunity:

Question 1

What are phagocytes, b cells and t cells?

Answer 1

= different types of white blood cells
= b and t cells are lymphocytes

Question 2

What are antigens?

Answer 2

= protein (polysacharide) that triggers your body to generates antibodies
= produces an immune response by stimulating specific t and b cells

Question 3

What are antibodies?

Answer 3

= proteins that are specific to a particular antigen + complementary

Question 4

What is a non-specific immune response?

Answer 4

= response that is the same for every pathogen (antigen)

Question 5

What is a specific immune response?

Answer 5

= response that is specific to that particular antigen on the pathogen
= involves stimulation for t + b cells + secretion of anti-bodiesn

Question 6

What is a primary response?

Answer 6

= multi-step pathway from the anti-gen presenting cell to the secretion of of antibodies

Question 7

What is secondary response?

Answer 7

= stimulation of the memory b cells to cause massive secretion of antibodies quickly after an infection
= quicker than primary

Question 8

What is a cell meditated response?

Answer 8

= by t cells
= they only bind to antigens on a host cell
= (antigen presenting cell)
=

Question 9

What is a humoural response?

Answer 9

= by b cells + antibody secretion
= antibodies are soluable and can enter tissue fluid
+ destorys pathogens

Question 10

What is agglunation?

Answer 10

= when antibodies bind to antigens the bacteria cells become clumped together, and acts as markers to stimulate phagocytosis

Question 11

What is antigen varability?

Answer 11

= pathogen has a high rate of mutation
= genes of pathogen changes, leading to different antigens on cell surface membrane
= antibodies have no effect

Question 12

Barriers to pathogen entry (3)

Answer 12

= HCL in stomach
= mucus in epithelial = skin

Question 13

Difference between B-cells and T-cells (2)

Answer 13

= b-cells mature in bone marrow
= t-cells mature in thymus gland