Exchange in insectd

Question 1

As the surface area to volume ratio decreases for larger organisms what does this mean?

Answer 1

= larger organisms require a specialised gas exchang organs

Question 2

Why do insects need the energy for?

Answer 2

= insects are active
= so high oxygen demand

Question 3

How has the gas exchange system in insects evolved?

Answer 3

= provide oxgen directly to cells
= the specialised transport system transports nutrients

Question 4

What is the first feature of insects?

Answer 4

= endoskeleton- polyscharide chitin
= oxgen and carbon dioxide cannot easily pass
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Question 5

What is on the surface of the exoskeleton?

Answer 5

= small openings called spiracles
= allows gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse into the bod

Question 6

What does the spiracles lead to?

Answer 6

= Trachae
= network of wide tubes
= extend down and along insects body
=extending from the trachae id a tube called tracheoles
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Question 7

What are the walls of trachae coated in?

Answer 7

= chitin
= prevents trachae from collapsing
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Question 8

What are tracheoles?

Answer 8

= single cell
= extended to form a hollow tube
= extend down to the cells of insects body, not supported by chitin
= narrow diameter + vlose to cells, short diffusion distance

Question 9

What provides a large surface area for diffusion?

Answer 9

= number of tracheoles
= allows insects to maintain a rapid rate of respiration

Question 10

What does the tracheal fluid do?

Answer 10

= during intense activities cells around the tracheoles undergo aerobic respiration
= lactic acid produced- lowers water potential of the cells
= causes water in tracheal fluid to move into cells
= reduces volume of tracheal fluid
=more tracheol surface

Question 11

How does this diffusion happen?

Answer 11

= oxygen from a high atmospherical concentration to a low bodily concentration
= carbon dioxide from a high bodily concentration to a low atmospherical concentration

Question 12

Why are insects small?

Answer 12

= reduces the distance required for diffusion to take place

Question 13

How do insects face water loss?

Answer 13

= walls of tracheoles are moist and ends of tracheoles contain fluid
= water vapour can diffuse out of insect bu spiracles
= each spircale is surrounded by a muscular sphincter
= insects reduce water loss by closing spiracles
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