Cell Structure: Endoplasmatic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus.

Question 1

Once a protein has been formed what happens?

Answer 1

= folds into it’s 3d shape
= can be modified further
= e.g: carbonhydrates molecules attached to form glycoproteins

Question 2

Why are genetic modification of protiens important?

Answer 2

= for it’s function.

Question 3

What are the different destinations of protein?

Answer 3

= function in cytoplasm
= sent to organelles
= inserted into cell membranes
= secreted from the cell

Question 4

Ribosomes consist of how many sub units?

Answer 4

= 2
= each sub unit contains a different number of protiens + ribosomal RNA

Question 5

Where are ribosomes found?

Answer 5

= most in cytoplasm and rough ER.

Question 6

What is the structure of the rough ER?

Answer 6

= sheets of membranes
= forms flattened sacs- cisternae
= membranes covered in ribosomes

Question 7

What does the ribosomes on the rough ER do?

Answer 7

= translation takes place for protiens which are:
= secreted from the cell
= protiens for cell membrane + lysosomes

Question 8

How does the ribosome on the rough er carry out translation? 1

Answer 8

= a molecule of mRNA attaches itself and translation takes place
= growing polypeptide chain passes through the membrane and into the lumen of the rough ER
=

Question 9

How does the ribosome on the rough er carry out translation? 2

Answer 9

= in the lumen the polypeptide chain folds into a teritery structure
= goes through the rough ER
= during this the polypeptide can be modified

Question 10

How does the ribosome on the rough er carry out translation? 3

Answer 10

= polypeptide is packed into vesicles
= transported to golgi aparatus
= when makes it way through it can me modifided further

Question 11

What is the structure of the golgi aparatus?

Answer 11

= consist of sheets of flattened sacs called cisternae
=can be modified further when making its way through
= reach it’s final structure- functional protien

Question 12

Once the protien has complected it’s journey through the golgi aparatus what happens?

Answer 12

= packaged into vesicles
= can fuse with the cell membrane and protien can be secreted from the clel

Question 13

What can happen alternativley to the protien?

Answer 13

= protien can form part of the cell membrane
or
= protien can enter vesciles to form lysosomes

Question 14

What does the final destination of any protien depend on?

Answer 14

= amino acid sequence
= or how the protien was modified
= how it was modified

Question 15

What are some key points?

Answer 15

= cells that secrete a lot of protien will have a lot of rough eR
= some endoplasmatic reticulum are not covered in ribosomes (smooth)
=

Question 16

What does the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum do?

Answer 16

= make and store lipids and carbonhydrates
= pass through golgi aparatus and be modified
= transported to final destination