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KaBoom > Urinary System - Part 8 > Flashcards

Urinary System - Part 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for an adenoma? (3)

A
  1. Male
  2. Tobacco use
  3. Long-term dialysis
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2
Q

Is an adenoma more common in males or females?

A

Male

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3
Q

What is the most common cortical tumour?

A

Adenoma

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4
Q

What are the clinical findings for an adenoma? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Hematuria

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5
Q

What is the US appearance for an adenoma? (3)

A
  1. Well-defined
  2. Hypo echoic cortical mass
  3. Generally small
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6
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for an adenoma?

A
  1. Abscess

2. Complicated cyst

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7
Q

What is an angiomyolipoma composed of? (3)

A
  1. Fat
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Muscle
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8
Q

What does a angiomyolipoma tend to do?

A

Hemorrhage

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9
Q

What are the clinical findings for an angiomyolipoma? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Flank pain
  3. Gross hematuria
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10
Q

What is the US appearance for an angiomyolipoma? (3)

A
  1. Well-defined
  2. Hyper echoic mass
  3. May distort renal architecture
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11
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for an angiomyolipoma?

A
  1. Carcinoma
  2. Junctional parenchymal
    defect
  3. Lipoma
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12
Q

What is a lipoma composed of?

A

Fat

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13
Q

What is a clinical finding of a lipoma?

A

Asymptomatic

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14
Q

What is the US appearance of a lipoma? (2)

A
  1. Well-defined

2. Hyper echoic mass

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15
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of a lipoma?

A
  1. Angiomyolipoma
  2. Junctional parenchymal
    defect
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16
Q

What is a clinical findings for a medullary sponge kidney?

A

Asymptomatic

17
Q

What is the US appearance of a medullary sponge kidney? (2)

A
  1. Hyper echoic foci in the region of the renal papillae

2. Widening of the distal collecting system

18
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for medullary sponge kidney?

A
  1. Nephrolithiasis

2. Angiomyolipoma

19
Q

What kind of tumour is a mesoblastic nephroma?

A

Pediatric parenchymal tumour

20
Q

What is a mesoblastic nephroma most commonly present?

A

90% occur in first year of life

21
Q

What is the benign version of a mesoblastic nephroma?

A

Wilm’s tumour

22
Q

What are the clinical findings of a mesoblastic nephroma? (2)

A
  1. Palpable flank mass 2. Hematuria
23
Q

What is the US appearance of a mesoblastic nephroma? (5)

A
  1. Homogeneous
  2. Hypo echoic mass
  3. Large solid parenchymal mass
  4. Typically involves the renal sinus
  5. Frequently grows through the renal capsule
24
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of a mesoblastic nephroma?

A
  1. Wilms’ tumour

2. Neuroblastoma

25
Q

What causes nephrocalcinosis?

A

Formation of aggregates of calcium in the distal tubules and loops of Henle

26
Q

What are the clinical findings for nephrocalcinosis? (4)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Hyperparathyroidism 3. Hypercalcemia
  3. Hypercalciuria
27
Q

What is the US appearance for nephrocalcinosis? (2)

A
  1. Hyper echoic medullary pyramids

2. May demonstrate shadowing

28
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for nephrocalcinosis?

A
  1. Nephrolithiasis
  2. Medullary sponge kidney
  3. Angiomyolipoma
29
Q

What causes renal sinus lipomatosis? (4)

A
  1. Obesity
  2. Previous urinary
    obstruction
  3. Chronic renal infection
  4. Steroid therapy
30
Q

What are the clinical findings for renal sinus lipomatosis? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Elevated creatinine

31
Q

What is the US appearance for renal sinus lipomatosis? (3)

A
  1. Increase in echogenicity of the renal sinus
  2. Thinning of the renal cortex
  3. Normal renal contour
32
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for renal sinus lipomatosis?

A

Chronic renal failure

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