Neck - Part 7 Flashcards
What are the clinical findings of a parathyroid cyst? (3)
- Asymptomatic
- Female prevalence
- 60-70 years of age
What is the US appearance for a parathyroid cyst? (3)
- Anechoic mass located posterior and medial to the thyroid gland
- Smooth wall margins 3. Posterior acoustic
enhancement
What are 2 differential diagnosis for a parathyroid cyst?
- Thyroid cyst
2. Thyroglossal cyst
Is a parathyroid cyst more common in males or females?
Females
What is the common age range to find a parathyroid cyst?
60-70 years of age
What are the causes of hyperparathyroidism? (3)
- Parathyroid adenoma
- 80% - Renal disease
- Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
What are the clinical findings of hyperparathyroidism? (6)
- Elevated parathormone
- Hypercalcemia
- Abdominal pain
- Gout
- Painful bones
- Nephrolithiasis
What is the US appearance for hyperparathyroidism? (3)
- Homogeneous hypo echoic nodule
- Located posterior and medial to the thyroid gland
- Teardrop or oblong in shape
What are 2 differential diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism?
- Complex cyst
2. Thyroid nodule
What are the causes of parathyroid hyperplasia? (2)
- Excessive multiplication of normal parathyroid cells
2. Hyperparathyroidism
What are the clinical findings of parathyroid hyperplasia? (6)
- Asymptomatic
- Elevated parathormone
- Abdominal pain
- Gout
- Nephrolithiasis
- Painful bones
What is the US appearance of parathyroid hyperplasia? (2)
- Multiple isoechoic or hyper echoic homogeneous nodules
2. Smooth wall margins
What are 2 differential diagnosis of parathyroid hyperplasia?
- Parathyroid adenoma
2. Goiter
Which condition is most commonly associated with hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto disease
A patient presents with a superficial neck mass located near the angle of the jaw. On US, the mass demonstrates a few swirling echoes within an anechoic mass. On the basis of this clinical history, the US findings are most suspicious for a:
Brachial cleft cyst
Which vascular structure receives blood from the posterior brain and empties into the brachiocephalic vein?
Vertebral vein
The first indication of thyroid gland failure is linked with a decrease in what?
Thyrotropin
A homogeneous mass is identified within the inferior portion of a thyroid lobe. A prominent hypo echoic ring surrounds this mass. These US findings are most consistent with which neoplasm?
Adenoma
Which hormone is regulated by tissue metabolism?
Triiodothyronine
A patient presents with a history of hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism, dysphagia,
and leukocytosis. US demonstrates an enlarged hypervascular thyroid gland. On the basis of this clinical history, the US findings are most suspicious for which of the following conditions?
Thyroiditis
Where is a thyroglossal cyst is located between?
Thyroid isthmus and the tongue
Which artery arises first from the internal carotid artery?
Ophthalmic artery
Which symptom is most likely related to hypercalcemia?
Abdominal pain
Pancreatitis, hypertension, and hypercalcemia are clinical findings associated with which neoplasm?
Parathyroid adenoma
Inflammation of the thyroid gland secondary to a viral infection is most commonly associated with which condition?
de Quervain syndrome
Which symptom is associated with hypothyroidism?
Muscle cramps
What is the first artery to branch off of the external carotid artery?
Superior thyroid artery
Exposure to ionizing radiation is a predisposing factor for development of which neoplasms?
Parathyroid adenoma
Which condition is considered a predisposing factor for developing a thyroid malignancy?
Hashimoto disease
Including iodide in your diet is required for the normal production of…
Thyroxine
Which muscles is most often affected by a whiplash injury?
Longus colli
What is the most common etiology of hyperparathyroidism?
Adenoma of a parathyroid gland
