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KaBoom > Neck - Part 5 > Flashcards

Neck - Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Decreased activity of the thyroid gland

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2
Q

What are symptoms of hypothyroidism? (9)

A
  1. Weight gain
  2. Lethargy
    - mental and physical
  3. Skin dryness
  4. Feeling cold
  5. Muscle cramps
  6. Constipation
  7. Arthritis
  8. Slow metabolic rate
  9. Decreased heart rate
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3
Q

What are the causes of hypothyroidism? (4)

A
  1. Iodine deficiency
  2. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
  3. Thyroid hormone failure
  4. Disease of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus
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4
Q

What happens if hypothyroidism goes untreated? (3)

A
  1. Myxedema
  2. Coma
  3. Death
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5
Q

What is the most common thyroid neoplasm?

A

Thyroid adenoma

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6
Q

What is a thyroid adenoma composed of?

A

Epithelial tissue

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7
Q

What are the clinical findings for a thyroid adenoma? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Hyperthyroidism
  3. Female prevalence
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8
Q

What is the US appearance for a thyroid adenoma? (5)

A
  1. Homogeneous
  2. Echogenic mass
  3. Prominent hypo echoic peripheral halo
  4. Peripheral blood flow
  5. May degenerate and appear complex
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9
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a thyroid adenoma?

A
  1. Carcinoma
  2. Cyst
  3. Goiter
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10
Q

Are thyroid adenomas more common in males or females?

A

Females

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11
Q

What are the clinical findings for a thyroid cyst? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Palpable neck mass

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12
Q

What is the US appearance for a thyroid cyst? (4)

A
  1. Anechoic mass
  2. Smooth wall margins
  3. Posterior acoustic enhancement
  4. May demonstrate internal debris
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13
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for a thyroid cyst?

A

Cystic degeneration of a solid nodule

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14
Q

What is the cause of Goiter?

A

Impaired synthesis of thyroid hormones

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15
Q

What are the clinical findings for Goiter? (5)

A
  1. Palpable neck mass
  2. Dysphagia
  3. Dyspnea
  4. Hyperthyroidism
  5. Hypothyroidism
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16
Q

What is the US appearance for Goiter? (2)

A
  1. Enlarged thyroid lobe(s)

2. Multiple solid nodules

17
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for Goiter?

A

Thyroiditis

18
Q

What is Graves disease?

A

Autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland

19
Q

What are the clinical findings for Graves disease? (5)

A
  1. Hyperthyroidism
  2. Exophthalmos
  3. Palpable neck mass
  4. Dysphagia
  5. Dyspnea
20
Q

What is the US appearance for Graves disease? (2)

A
  1. Diffuse enlargement of the thyroid glands

2. Multilocular nodules

21
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for Graves disease?

A
  1. Thyroiditis

2. Carcinoma

22
Q

Hashimoto disease

A

Chronic lymphatic inflammatory disease

23
Q

What are the clinical findings of Hashimoto disease? (5)

A
  1. Often painless
  2. Hypothyroidism
  3. Leukocytosis
  4. Sore throat
  5. Fever
24
Q

What is the US appearance for Hashimoto disease? (2)

A
  1. Enlarged hypo echoic thyroid glands

2. Hypervascular parenchyma

25
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for Hashimoto disease?

A
  1. Graves disease

2. Abscess

26
Q

What causes thyroiditis? (3)

A
  1. Hashimoto disease
  2. de Quervain
    syndrome
  3. Viral infection
27
Q

What are the clinical findings of thyroiditis? (6)

A
  1. Hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism
  2. Fatigue
  3. Fever
  4. Leukocytosis
  5. Neck pain
  6. Dysphagia
28
Q

What is the US appearance for thyroiditis? (3)

A
  1. Enlarged hypo echoic gland
  2. Hypervascular parenchyma
  3. Discrete nodules
29
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for thyroiditis?

A

Graves disease

30
Q

Brachial cleft cyst

A

Congenital diverticulum of the brachial cleft

31
Q

What are the clinical findings for a brachial cleft cyst? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Lateral neck mass

32
Q

What is the US appearance for a brachial cleft cyst? (2)

A
  1. Anechoic superficial neck mass

2. May demonstrate internal debris

33
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for a brachial cleft cyst?

A
  1. Thyroglossal cyst

2. Thyroid cyst

34
Q

Where is the brachial cleft cyst located compared to the angle if the mandible?

A

Directly below it

35
Q

Where is the brachial cleft cyst located compared to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Anterior to it

KaBoom (81 decks)

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