GI Tract - Part 2 Flashcards
Where does the colon extend from?
The terminal ileum to the anus
What does the colon secrete?
Large quantities of mucus
What are the divisions of the colon? (8)
- Cecum
- Appendix
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Descending
colon - Sigmoid
- Rectum
- Anus
What does the bacteria of the colon produce? (2)
- Vitamin K
2. Some B-complex vitamins
What are the wall layers from the outer layer to the lumen of the colon?
- Serous
- outer - Muscular or haustra
- Submucosal
- Mucosal
- inner
Cecum
Blind pouch of the colon
Where is the cecum located?
RLQ directly posterior to the abdominal wall and lateral to the ileum
What part of the colon has the largest diameter?
Cecum
Appendix
Narrow, blind-end, tubular structure
What does the appendix communicate with?
Cecum
Where is the appendix located?
RLQ
- can be variable
Does peristalsis occur in the appendix?
No
What does the appendix contain?
Lymphoid tissue
Where does the ascending colon extend?
Superiorly from the cecum
Where does the ascending colon curve to?
The left
What does the ascending colon help to form?
Hepatic flexure
Where does the transverse colon course?
Transversely from the right to the left side of the upper abdomen
Where does the transverse colon curve?
Inferiorly
What does the transverse colon help to form?
Splenic flexure
Where does the descending colon begin?
Inferior to the spleen
Where does the descending colon terminate?
Sigmoid
Where does the descending colon pass?
Passes inferiorly along the left flank to the iliac crest
What is the narrowest portion of the colon?
Sigmoid
Where does the sigmoid terminate?
At the rectum
What muscle is the sigmoid in contact with?
Psoas muscle
Where is the sigmoid located?
In the left iliac fossa
- anterior to the left ureter and left iliac vessels
- superior to the urinary bladder
Where is the rectum located?
Between the sigmoid and anus
What is the rectum capable of?
Considerable distention
Where does the rectum lie in males?
Adjacent to the posterior border of the urinary bladder
Where does the rectum lie in females?
Posterior
to the vagina and uterus
Where does the rectum terminate?
At the anal sphincter
What is the lower portion of the rectum called?
Anal canal
Where does the anal canal extend?
Upward and forward, then turns backward following the sacral canal
