Scrotum and Prostate - Part 1 Flashcards
Appendix testis
A small solid structure located posterior to the epididymal head
BPH
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Central zone of the prostate
Cone-shaped area of the prostate gland located deep in the peripheral zone
Cryptorchidism
Undescended testis
Denonvilliers’ fascia
Separates the prostate and rectum
- important landmark for radical prostatectomy
Hydrocele
Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid between the two layers of tunica vaginalis
Mediastinum testis
Thick portion of the tunica albuginea
Peripheral zone of the prostate
The largest area of the prostate gland located just beneath the capsule
Polyorchidism
More than two testes
PSA
Prostate specific antigen
Prostate specific antigen
A protein produced by the prostate
What is elevated PSA associated with?
Carcinoma of the prostate gland
Orchitis
Inflammation of the testis
What is orchitis commonly caused by?
Chlamydia
Rete testis
Network of ducts formed in the mediastinum testis connecting the epididymis with the superior portion of the testis
What stores sperm?
Seminal vesicles
Space of Retzius
Retropubic space between the symphysis
pubis and urinary bladder
What is testicular torsion also known as?
Bell clapper
Transitional zone of the prostate
Two small areas of the prostate gland adjacent to the proximal urethral space
Tunica albuginea
Fibrous sheath enclosing each testis
Tunica vaginalis
Two layers of serous membrane covering the anterior and lateral portions of the testis and epididymis
TURP
Transurethral Resection Prostatectomy
Transurethral Resection Prostatectomy
A surgical procedure to relieve symptoms of BPH
Varicocele
Dilatation of the spermatic veins
What is the most common cause of male infertility?
Varicocele
Verumontanum
Divides the urethra into proximal and distal segments
What is the function of the scrotum?
Allows maintenance of a lower body temperature necessary for sperm survival
What is the function of the epididymis? (2)
- Store and transport sperm produced by the testes
2. Mature the sperm
What is the function of the testis? (2)
- Produce testosterone
2. Germinate sperm
What are the functions of the prostate gland? (5)
- Secretes alkaline fluid to transport sperm
- Secretions contain alkaline phosphatase, citric acid and PSA
- Produces 80-85% of the ejaculation fluid
- Produces PSA
- Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone regulate prostate growth and function
What is the scrotum divided by?
A medium raphe or septum
