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KaBoom > Superficial Structures - Part 3 > Flashcards

Superficial Structures - Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Amastia

A

Complete absence of one or both breasts

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2
Q

Athelia

A

Complete absence of the nipple

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3
Q

Amazia

A

Absence of the breast tissue with presence of the nipple

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4
Q

Polymastia

A

Accessory or supernumerary breast

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5
Q

Polythelia

A

Accessory nipple

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6
Q

What is the most common breast anomaly?

A

Polythelia

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7
Q

How does the skin appear on US?

A

Hyper echoic

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8
Q

What do the superficial and deep fascial planes of breast tissue look like on US?

A

Hyper echoic

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9
Q

How does glandular breast parenchyma appear as on US?

A

Moderately hyper echoic

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10
Q

How do fat breast lobules appear as on US?

A

Medium-gray echo pattern

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11
Q

How does the retromammary layer appear as on US?

A

Hypo echoic

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12
Q

How do the pectoralis muscles appear as on US?

A

Moderately hypo echoic

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13
Q

How do the Cooper ligaments appear as on US?

A

Hyper echoic linear structures
- may demonstrate
posterior acoustic shadowing

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14
Q

How do lactiferous ducts appear as on US? (2)

A
  1. Nonvascular

2. Anechoic tubular structures

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15
Q

What is the general patient position when scanning the breast?

A

Right or left posterior oblique position

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16
Q

What thickness should the standoff pad for the breast not exceed?

A
  1. 0cm

- 10mm

17
Q

How do you describe the distance from the nipple on an US image of the breast?

A

1, 2 or 3

18
Q

What does 1 represent when measuring distance from the nipple on a breast US image?

A

Area closest to the nipple

- 3 is the farthest

19
Q

How do you describe the depth of the area of the breast on an US image?

A

A, B or C

20
Q

What does C represent when measuring depth of the area of the breast on an US image?

A

Closest to the chest wall

  • base of the breast
  • A is the top of the breast
21
Q

What are indications for a breast exam? (7)

A
  1. Palpable lump
  2. Breast inflammation
  3. Evaluate mass from a previous medical imaging study
    - eg) mammogram
  4. US-guided interventional procedure
  5. Evaluate augmented breast
    - larger than normal
  6. Evaluate male breast parenchyma
  7. Serial evaluation of a benign lesion
22
Q

What are causes of a cyst in breast parenchyma?

A
  1. Obstruction of a duct

2. Infection

23
Q

What age range are breast cysts more common?

A

35-50 years of age

24
Q

What are the clinical findings for a cyst in the breast? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Breast pain or tenderness
  3. Palpable mass
25
Q

What is the US appearance for a cyst in the breast?

A
  1. Anechoic round or oval mass
  2. Smooth, thin wall margins
  3. Posterior acoustic
    enhancement
  4. No internal vascular flow
  5. Compresses with transducer pressure
  6. Mass does not breach fascial
    plane(s)
  7. May demonstrate internal echoes
26
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a cyst in the breast?

A
  1. Lactiferous duct
  2. Fibroadenoma
  3. Carcinoma
27
Q

Cystosarcoma phyllodes

A

Uncommon benign fibroepithelial neoplasm

28
Q

What can cystosarcoma phyllodes undergo?

A

Malignant transformation

29
Q

What are the clinical findings of cystosarcoma phyllodes? (2)

A
  1. Sudden onset of a palpable nontender breast mass

2. Mobile mass

30
Q

What is the US appearance for cystosarcoma phyllodes? (7)

A
  1. Oval mass demonstrating a low- to medium-level echo pattern
  2. Unilateral mass
  3. May demonstrate cystic spaces within the mass
  4. Smooth wall margins
  5. Width of mass is larger than the height
  6. Mass does not breach fascial
    plane(s)
  7. Internal blood flow may be demonstrated
31
Q

What are 4 differential diagnosis for cystosarcoma phyllodes?

A
  1. Complex cyst
  2. Fibroadenoma
  3. Carcinoma
  4. Normal breast fat
32
Q

What is a fibroadenoma composed of?

A

Dense epithelial and fibroblastic tissue

33
Q

What is a fibroadenoma influenced by?

A

Estrogen levels

34
Q

What are the clinical findings for a fibroadenoma? (4)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Palpable non-tender
    breast mass
  3. Mobile mass
  4. Firm or rubbery on
    palpation
35
Q

What is the US appearance for a fibroadenoma? (6)

A
  1. Solid oval-shaped breast mass
  2. Low- to medium-level echo pattern
  3. Posterior acoustic enhancement
  4. Mass does not breach the fascial plane
  5. Width of mass is larger than the height
  6. Can degenerate or calcify Internal blood flow may be
    demonstrated
36
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a fibroadenoma?

A
  1. Complex cyst
  2. Normal breast fat
  3. Carcinoma

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