Retroperitoneum - Part 1 Flashcards
Addison disease
Life-threatening condition caused by partial or complete failure of the adrenocortical function
What is another name for Addison disease?
Adrenocortical insufficiency
Adrenogenital syndrome
Congenital disorder causing an increase in production of androgens
Conn syndrome
Uncommon condition resulting from excessive aldosterone secretions
Cushing syndrome
Metabolic disorder resulting from chronic and excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex
What is the result of Cushing syndrome?
Results in the inability of the body to regulate secretions of cortisol or adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
What is another term for Cushing syndrome?
Hyperadrenalism
Neuroblastoma
malignant tumour of the adrenal gland found in young children
Pheochromocytoma
Rare vascular tumour of the adrenal medulla
What is the function of the adrenal glands?
To produce hormones
What is epinephrine secreted by?
The medulla
When does epinephrine increase?
In times of excitement or emotional stress
What is norepinephrine secreted by?
The medulla
What does norepinephrine do?
Acts to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction without affecting cardiac output
What is another name for glucocorticoids?
Cortisol
What is the normal range of glucocorticoids serum in the morning?
4-22ug/dL
What is the normal range of glucocorticoids serum in the afternoon?
3-17ug/dL
What is the normal range of glucocorticoids in urine?
20-90ug/dL
What is cortisol secreted by?
The cortex
What does cortisol help with? (2)
- The body’s response to stress
2. Controlling the amount of water in the body
What does cortisol modifies the body’s response in? (3)
- Infection
- Surgery
- Trauma
What does cortisol control?
Protein and carbohydrate metabolism
When does cortisol increase?
With stress
When does cortisol decrease?
With inflammation
What are 3 gonadal hormones?
- Androgens
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
What are gonadal hormones secreted by?
The cortex
What is another term for mineral corticoids?
Aldosterone
What is aldosterone secreted by?
The cortex
What does aldosterone do?
Helps maintain the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance by promoting sodium
reabsorption and potassium excretion within the kidneys
What portion of the adrenal gland is the medulla?
The inner portion
How much does the medulla comprise of the adrenal gland?
10%
What portion of the adrenal gland is the cortex?
Outer portion
How much does the cortex comprise of the adrenal gland?
90%
