Retroperitoneum - Part 1

Question 1

Addison disease

Answer 1

Life-threatening condition caused by partial or complete failure of the adrenocortical function

Question 2

What is another name for Addison disease?

Answer 2

Adrenocortical insufficiency

Question 3

Adrenogenital syndrome

Answer 3

Congenital disorder causing an increase in production of androgens

Question 4

Conn syndrome

Answer 4

Uncommon condition resulting from excessive aldosterone secretions

Question 5

Cushing syndrome

Answer 5

Metabolic disorder resulting from chronic and excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex

Question 6

What is the result of Cushing syndrome?

Answer 6

Results in the inability of the body to regulate secretions of cortisol or adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Question 7

What is another term for Cushing syndrome?

Answer 7

Hyperadrenalism

Question 8

Neuroblastoma

Answer 8

malignant tumour of the adrenal gland found in young children

Question 9

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 9

Rare vascular tumour of the adrenal medulla

Question 10

What is the function of the adrenal glands?

Answer 10

To produce hormones

Question 11

What is epinephrine secreted by?

Answer 11

The medulla

Question 12

When does epinephrine increase?

Answer 12

In times of excitement or emotional stress

Question 13

What is norepinephrine secreted by?

Answer 13

The medulla

Question 14

What does norepinephrine do?

Answer 14

Acts to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction without affecting cardiac output

Question 15

What is another name for glucocorticoids?

Answer 15

Cortisol

Question 16

What is the normal range of glucocorticoids serum in the morning?

Answer 16

4-22ug/dL

Question 17

What is the normal range of glucocorticoids serum in the afternoon?

Answer 17

3-17ug/dL

Question 18

What is the normal range of glucocorticoids in urine?

Answer 18

20-90ug/dL

Question 19

What is cortisol secreted by?

Answer 19

The cortex

Question 20

What does cortisol help with? (2)

Answer 20

1. The body’s response to stress

2. Controlling the amount of water in the body

Question 21

What does cortisol modifies the body’s response in? (3)

Answer 21

1. Infection
2. Surgery
3. Trauma

Question 22

What does cortisol control?

Answer 22

Protein and carbohydrate metabolism

Question 23

When does cortisol increase?

Answer 23

With stress

Question 24

When does cortisol decrease?

Answer 24

With inflammation

Question 25

What are 3 gonadal hormones?

Answer 25

1. Androgens
2. Estrogen
3. Progesterone

Question 26

What are gonadal hormones secreted by?

Answer 26

The cortex

Question 27

What is another term for mineral corticoids?

Answer 27

Aldosterone

Question 28

What is aldosterone secreted by?

Answer 28

The cortex

Question 29

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 29

Helps maintain the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance by promoting sodium
reabsorption and potassium excretion within the kidneys

Question 30

What portion of the adrenal gland is the medulla?

Answer 30

The inner portion

Question 31

How much does the medulla comprise of the adrenal gland?

Answer 31

10%

Question 32

What portion of the adrenal gland is the cortex?

Answer 32

Outer portion

Question 33

How much does the cortex comprise of the adrenal gland?

Answer 33

90%