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KaBoom > Abdominal Vasculature - Part 6 > Flashcards

Abdominal Vasculature - Part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Ruptured aneurysm

A

Tear in all three layers of the aortic wall with leakage of blood

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2
Q

What is the risk of a ruptured aneurysm within 5 years? (5cm, 6cm, 7cm)

A 
5cm = 5%
6cm = 16%
7cm = 75%
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3
Q

What are the clinical findings of a ruptured aneurysm? (5)

A
  1. Severe abdominal pain
  2. Severe groin pain
  3. Hypotension
  4. Loss of consciousness
  5. Hypovolemic shock
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4
Q

What is the US appearance of a ruptured aneurysm? (5)

A
  1. Normal aortic size
  2. Aneurysm may still be visualized
  3. Asymmetric or unilateral paraaortic hypo echoic mass
  4. “Veil appearance” over the aorta and surrounding
    structures
  5. Free fluid in the peritoneal cavities
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5
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of a ruptured aneurysm?

A
  1. Lymphadenopathy
  2. Chronic intraluminal
    thrombus
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6
Q

What causes a AV fistula? (5)

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Congenital
  3. Surgery
  4. Inflammation
  5. Neoplasm
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7
Q

What are the clinical findings for an AV fistula? (4)

A
  1. Presence of a bruit or “thrill”
  2. Lower back or abdominal pain
  3. Edema
  4. Hypertension
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8
Q

What is the US appearance for an AV fistula? (4)

A
  1. Pulsatile flow within the vein
  2. Increase in arterial flow proximal to site of
    shunting
  3. Decrease in arterial flow distal to site of shunting 4. Turbulent waveform with high velocities in both the artery and the vein
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9
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for an AV fistula?

A
  1. Tortuous vessel

2. Stenotic vessel

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10
Q

What is an infiltrating neoplasm of the IVC caused by?

A

Renal carcinoma

- most common cause

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11
Q

What are the clinical findings of an infiltrating neoplasm of the IVC? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Edema

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12
Q

What is the US appearance of an infiltrating neoplasm of the IVC?

A

Intraluminal medium-level to low-level echoes

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13
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of an infiltrating neoplasm of the IVC?

A
  1. Venous thrombosis
  2. Primary caval tumour
  3. Technical error
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14
Q

What is the most common cause of a primary caval neoplasm of the IVC?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

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15
Q

What are the clinical findings of a primary caval neoplasm of the IVC? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Edema

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16
Q

What is the US appearance of a primary caval neoplasm of the IVC?

A

Intraluminal medium-level to low-level echoes

17
Q

What are the 3 differential diagnosis of a primary caval neoplasm of the IVC?

A
  1. Infiltrating tumour
  2. Venous thrombosis
  3. Technical error
18
Q

What are the causes of thrombosis of the IVC? (5)

A
  1. Extension of thrombus from femoral
    - most common
  2. iliac
  3. Renal
  4. Hepatic
  5. Gonadal veins
19
Q

What are the clinical findings of the thrombosis of the IVC? (4)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Edema
  3. Pulmonary embolism
  4. History of lower
    extremity DVT
20
Q

What is the US appearance of thrombosis of the IVC? (4)

A
  1. Vessel enlargement
  2. Intraluminal medium-level to
    low-level echoes
  3. May result in complete or
    partial occlusion
  4. Spectral analysis may demonstrate continuous nonphasic flow
21
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for thrombosis of the IVC?

A
  1. Infiltrating tumour
  2. Primary caval tumour
  3. Technical error
22
Q

fusiform aneurysm is best described as…

A

A uniform dilatation of the arterial walls

23
Q

The presence of a palpable “thrill” within an artery is suspicious for a(n):?

A

Arteriovenous fistula

24
Q

The contour of a mycotic aneurysm is most commonly described as what shape?

A

Saccular shaped

25
Q

What artery gives rise to the gastroepiploic artery?

A

Splenic artery

26
Q

What condition most commonly coexists with a popliteal aneurysm?

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

27
Q

Development of an arteriovenous fistula may be caused by:

A

Neoplasm

28
Q

An infiltrating neoplasm within the IVC most commonly originates from which structures?

A

Kidney

29
Q

Dilatation of an artery caused by damage to one or more layers of the arterial wall describes a(n):

A

Pseudoaneurysm

30
Q

Patients with Marfan syndrome have a predisposing risk factor for developing a(n):

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

31
Q

Which vascular structure is most commonly mistaken as a dilated pancreatic duct?

A

Splenic artery

32
Q

A dilatation of an artery when compared with a more proximal segment describes what abnormalitity?

A

Saccular aneurysm

KaBoom (81 decks)

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