Abdominal Vasculature - Part 6 Flashcards
Ruptured aneurysm
Tear in all three layers of the aortic wall with leakage of blood
What is the risk of a ruptured aneurysm within 5 years? (5cm, 6cm, 7cm)
5cm = 5% 6cm = 16% 7cm = 75%
What are the clinical findings of a ruptured aneurysm? (5)
- Severe abdominal pain
- Severe groin pain
- Hypotension
- Loss of consciousness
- Hypovolemic shock
What is the US appearance of a ruptured aneurysm? (5)
- Normal aortic size
- Aneurysm may still be visualized
- Asymmetric or unilateral paraaortic hypo echoic mass
- “Veil appearance” over the aorta and surrounding
structures - Free fluid in the peritoneal cavities
What are 2 differential diagnosis of a ruptured aneurysm?
- Lymphadenopathy
- Chronic intraluminal
thrombus
What causes a AV fistula? (5)
- Trauma
- Congenital
- Surgery
- Inflammation
- Neoplasm
What are the clinical findings for an AV fistula? (4)
- Presence of a bruit or “thrill”
- Lower back or abdominal pain
- Edema
- Hypertension
What is the US appearance for an AV fistula? (4)
- Pulsatile flow within the vein
- Increase in arterial flow proximal to site of
shunting - Decrease in arterial flow distal to site of shunting 4. Turbulent waveform with high velocities in both the artery and the vein
What are 2 differential diagnosis for an AV fistula?
- Tortuous vessel
2. Stenotic vessel
What is an infiltrating neoplasm of the IVC caused by?
Renal carcinoma
- most common cause
What are the clinical findings of an infiltrating neoplasm of the IVC? (2)
- Asymptomatic
2. Edema
What is the US appearance of an infiltrating neoplasm of the IVC?
Intraluminal medium-level to low-level echoes
What are 3 differential diagnosis of an infiltrating neoplasm of the IVC?
- Venous thrombosis
- Primary caval tumour
- Technical error
What is the most common cause of a primary caval neoplasm of the IVC?
Leiomyosarcoma
What are the clinical findings of a primary caval neoplasm of the IVC? (2)
- Asymptomatic
2. Edema
What is the US appearance of a primary caval neoplasm of the IVC?
Intraluminal medium-level to low-level echoes
What are the 3 differential diagnosis of a primary caval neoplasm of the IVC?
- Infiltrating tumour
- Venous thrombosis
- Technical error
What are the causes of thrombosis of the IVC? (5)
- Extension of thrombus from femoral
- most common - iliac
- Renal
- Hepatic
- Gonadal veins
What are the clinical findings of the thrombosis of the IVC? (4)
- Asymptomatic
- Edema
- Pulmonary embolism
- History of lower
extremity DVT
What is the US appearance of thrombosis of the IVC? (4)
- Vessel enlargement
- Intraluminal medium-level to
low-level echoes - May result in complete or
partial occlusion - Spectral analysis may demonstrate continuous nonphasic flow
What are 3 differential diagnosis for thrombosis of the IVC?
- Infiltrating tumour
- Primary caval tumour
- Technical error
fusiform aneurysm is best described as…
A uniform dilatation of the arterial walls
The presence of a palpable “thrill” within an artery is suspicious for a(n):?
Arteriovenous fistula
The contour of a mycotic aneurysm is most commonly described as what shape?
Saccular shaped
What artery gives rise to the gastroepiploic artery?
Splenic artery
What condition most commonly coexists with a popliteal aneurysm?
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Development of an arteriovenous fistula may be caused by:
Neoplasm
An infiltrating neoplasm within the IVC most commonly originates from which structures?
Kidney
Dilatation of an artery caused by damage to one or more layers of the arterial wall describes a(n):
Pseudoaneurysm
Patients with Marfan syndrome have a predisposing risk factor for developing a(n):
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Which vascular structure is most commonly mistaken as a dilated pancreatic duct?
Splenic artery
A dilatation of an artery when compared with a more proximal segment describes what abnormalitity?
Saccular aneurysm
