Peritoneum, Chest and Invasive Procedures - Part 4

Question 1

What is a hemothorax caused by? (3)

Answer 1

1. Trauma
2. Necrotic neoplasms
3. Inflammation

Question 2

What are the clinical findings of a hemothorax? (4)

Answer 2

1. Shortness of breath
2. Chest pain
3. Decrease in hematocrit
4. Shock

Question 3

What is the US appearance of a hemothorax? (2)

Answer 3

1. Hypo echoic fluid collection in the dependent portion of the thorax
2. Hyper echoic areas within the fluid collection

Question 4

What are 2 differential diagnosis of a hemothorax?

Answer 4

1. Pleural effusion

2. Subphrenic ascites

Question 5

What are the causes of pleural effusion? (3)

Answer 5

1. Infection
2. Cardiovascular disease
3. Trauma

Question 6

What are the clinical findings of pleural effusion? (3)

Answer 6

1. Shortness of breath 2. Chest pain

3. Non-productive cough

Question 7

What is the US appearance of pleural effusion?

Answer 7

Anechoic fluid collection in the dependent portion of the thorax

Question 8

What are 3 differential diagnosis for pleural effusion?

Answer 8

1. Subphrenic ascites 2. Hemothorax

3. Artifact

Question 9

What are 4 types of invasive procedures?

Answer 9

1. Biopsy
2. Fine-needle aspiration
3. Paracentesis
4. Thoracentesis

Question 10

What kind of needle is used for a biopsy?

Answer 10

A larger core needle

Question 11

What kind of needle is used for a fine needle aspiration?

Answer 11

A very slender needle

- along with gentle suction

Question 12

How is a sample collected for paracentesis?

Answer 12

A cannula or catheter is passed into the abdominal cavity to allow out flow of fluid into a collecting device

Question 13

Is paracentesis used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes?

Answer 13

Can be used for both

Question 14

Thoracentesis

Answer 14

Perforating the chest wall and pleural cavity with a needle to aspirate fluid

Question 15

Is paracentesis used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes?

Answer 15

Can be used for both

Question 16

What is a predisposing condition associated with the development of a pleural effusion?

Answer 16

Congestive heart failure

Question 17

What does the lesser sac communicate with the subhepatic space through the foramen of?

Answer 17

Winslow

Question 18

Chylous ascites is most commonly associated with which abnormality?

Answer 18

Abdominal neoplasm

Question 19

Which fluid collection is typically located medial to a renal transplant?

Answer 19

Lymphocele

Question 20

Peritoneal ascites is a common complication with which condition?

Answer 20

Malignancy

Question 21

On US, visualization of a biopsy needle is obtained in a plane that is what to the needle path?

Answer 21

Parallel

Question 22

The lungs are separated into hemispheres by which structure?

Answer 22

Pleural membrane

Question 23

Omental cysts generally develop adjacent to which structures? (2)

Answer 23

1. Pancreas

2. Stomach

Question 24

Failure of the mesentery to fuse is a congenital anomaly associated with development of an…

Answer 24

Omental cyst

Question 25

Which structure encloses the inferior esophagus?

Answer 25

Lesser omentum

Question 26

Hemothorax

Answer 26

Fluid and blood in the pleural cavity

Question 27

When localizing a fluid collection for a paracentesis procedure, the sonographer must

Answer 27

Remain perpendicular to the floor