Peritoneum, Chest and Invasive Procedures - Part 4 Flashcards
What is a hemothorax caused by? (3)
- Trauma
- Necrotic neoplasms
- Inflammation
What are the clinical findings of a hemothorax? (4)
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Decrease in hematocrit
- Shock
What is the US appearance of a hemothorax? (2)
- Hypo echoic fluid collection in the dependent portion of the thorax
- Hyper echoic areas within the fluid collection
What are 2 differential diagnosis of a hemothorax?
- Pleural effusion
2. Subphrenic ascites
What are the causes of pleural effusion? (3)
- Infection
- Cardiovascular disease
- Trauma
What are the clinical findings of pleural effusion? (3)
- Shortness of breath 2. Chest pain
3. Non-productive cough
What is the US appearance of pleural effusion?
Anechoic fluid collection in the dependent portion of the thorax
What are 3 differential diagnosis for pleural effusion?
- Subphrenic ascites 2. Hemothorax
3. Artifact
What are 4 types of invasive procedures?
- Biopsy
- Fine-needle aspiration
- Paracentesis
- Thoracentesis
What kind of needle is used for a biopsy?
A larger core needle
What kind of needle is used for a fine needle aspiration?
A very slender needle
- along with gentle suction
How is a sample collected for paracentesis?
A cannula or catheter is passed into the abdominal cavity to allow out flow of fluid into a collecting device
Is paracentesis used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes?
Can be used for both
Thoracentesis
Perforating the chest wall and pleural cavity with a needle to aspirate fluid
Is paracentesis used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes?
Can be used for both
What is a predisposing condition associated with the development of a pleural effusion?
Congestive heart failure
What does the lesser sac communicate with the subhepatic space through the foramen of?
Winslow
Chylous ascites is most commonly associated with which abnormality?
Abdominal neoplasm
Which fluid collection is typically located medial to a renal transplant?
Lymphocele
Peritoneal ascites is a common complication with which condition?
Malignancy
On US, visualization of a biopsy needle is obtained in a plane that is what to the needle path?
Parallel
The lungs are separated into hemispheres by which structure?
Pleural membrane
Omental cysts generally develop adjacent to which structures? (2)
- Pancreas
2. Stomach
Failure of the mesentery to fuse is a congenital anomaly associated with development of an…
Omental cyst
Which structure encloses the inferior esophagus?
Lesser omentum
Hemothorax
Fluid and blood in the pleural cavity
When localizing a fluid collection for a paracentesis procedure, the sonographer must
Remain perpendicular to the floor
