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KaBoom > Superficial Structures - Part 4 > Flashcards

Superficial Structures - Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical findings for fibrocystic disease? (2)

A
  1. Painful or tender breasts frequently 7-10 days before the start of menses
  2. Increase in pain intensity closer to the start of menses
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2
Q

What is the US appearance for fibrocystic disease? (4)

A
  1. Hyper echoic breast parenchyma
  2. Dense breast tissue 3. Prominent ducts
  3. Numerous breast cysts
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3
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for fibrocystic disease?

A
  1. Multiple breast cysts 2. Mastitis
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4
Q

What is a cause of hamartoma?

A

Proliferation of normal tissues

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5
Q

What are the clinical findings for hamartoma? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Palpable mass

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6
Q

What is the US appearance for hamartoma? (5)

A
  1. Heterogeneous complex mass
  2. Smooth wall margins
  3. May demonstrate posterior acoustic shadowing
  4. Mass does not breach fascial
    plane(s)
  5. Mass compresses with moderate transducer pressure
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7
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for hamartoma?

A
  1. Complex cyst
  2. Carcinoma
  3. Fibroadenoma
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8
Q

What is the cause of a galactocele?

A

Obstruction of a lactating duct

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9
Q

What is a clinical finding of a galactocele?

A

Palpable retroareolar mass

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10
Q

What is the US appearance of a galactocele? (3)

A
  1. Round or oval hypo echoic retroareolar mass
  2. Smooth wall margins
  3. Posterior acoustic
    enhancement
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11
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of a galactocele?

A
  1. Fibroadenoma
  2. Complex cyst
  3. Abscess
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12
Q

What are the causes of gynecomastia?

A

Abnormal proliferation of ductal, glandular tissue, and stroma

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13
Q

What are the clinical findings of gynecomastia? (2)

A
  1. Abnormal enlargement of the male breast(s)

2. Painful or tender breast(s)

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14
Q

What is the US appearance for gynecomastia? (3)

A
  1. Hypo echoic to hyper echoic tissue beneath the areola
  2. Ducts converging toward the areola
  3. Increased amount of breast fat
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15
Q

Is a gynecomastia usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

Can be both

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16
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for gynecomastia?

A
  1. Neoplasm

2. Mastitis

17
Q

What kind of disorder is gynecomastia involved with?

A

Hormone disorder

- endocrine

18
Q

What is increased with gynecomastia?

A

Subcutaneous fat

19
Q

What is a cause of lipoma?

A

Mature adipose tissue

20
Q

What is a clinical findings of a lipoma?

A

Soft, mobile mass

21
Q

What is the US appearance for a lipoma? (4)

A
  1. Homogeneous hyper echoic mass within the subcutaneous fat
  2. Oval in shape
  3. Smooth wall margins 4. May appear similar to breast fat
22
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a lipoma?

A
  1. Glandular breast tissue
  2. Fibroadenoma
  3. Complex cyst
23
Q

What causes mastitis? (3)

A
  1. Bacteria infection
  2. Obstructed lactiferous duct
  3. Infected cyst
24
Q

What are clinical findings for mastitis? (7)

A
  1. Painful or tender breast(s)
  2. Erythema
  3. Fever
  4. Thick nipple discharge 5. Swelling
  5. Lymphadenopathy
  6. Malaise
25
Q

What is the US appearance for mastitis? (2)

A
  1. Dilated lactiferous ducts

2. Hypervascular breast parenchyma

26
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for mastitis?

A

Fibrocystic disease

27
Q

What are the clinical findings of a papilloma? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Bloody nipple discharge

28
Q

What is the US appearance of a papilloma? (2)

A
  1. Hypo echoic mass commonly found beneath the areola

2. Single adjacent dilated duct

29
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a papilloma?

A
  1. Papillary carcinoma 2. Dilated lactiferous duct

3. Lactiferous sinus

30
Q

What is the most common malignancy for breasts?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

31
Q

What are the clinical findings for invasive ductal carcinoma? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Palpable breast mass
  3. Changes in breast or nipple contour
32
Q

What is the US appearance for Invasive ductal carcinoma? (8)

A
  1. Hypo echoic breast mass
  2. Heterogeneous mass
  3. Irregular or ill-defined borders
  4. Posterior acoustic
    shadowing
  5. Adjacent tissue may
    appear hyper echoic
  6. Mass breaches fascial plane(s)
  7. Cooper ligaments may appear thick and
    straight in course
  8. Height of mass is larger than the width
33
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for an invasive ductal carcinoma?

A
  1. Degenerating fibroadenoma
  2. Hematoma
  3. Breast scarring or fibrosis

KaBoom (81 decks)

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