Superficial Structures - Part 4 Flashcards
What are the clinical findings for fibrocystic disease? (2)
- Painful or tender breasts frequently 7-10 days before the start of menses
- Increase in pain intensity closer to the start of menses
What is the US appearance for fibrocystic disease? (4)
- Hyper echoic breast parenchyma
- Dense breast tissue 3. Prominent ducts
- Numerous breast cysts
What are 2 differential diagnosis for fibrocystic disease?
- Multiple breast cysts 2. Mastitis
What is a cause of hamartoma?
Proliferation of normal tissues
What are the clinical findings for hamartoma? (2)
- Asymptomatic
2. Palpable mass
What is the US appearance for hamartoma? (5)
- Heterogeneous complex mass
- Smooth wall margins
- May demonstrate posterior acoustic shadowing
- Mass does not breach fascial
plane(s) - Mass compresses with moderate transducer pressure
What are 3 differential diagnosis for hamartoma?
- Complex cyst
- Carcinoma
- Fibroadenoma
What is the cause of a galactocele?
Obstruction of a lactating duct
What is a clinical finding of a galactocele?
Palpable retroareolar mass
What is the US appearance of a galactocele? (3)
- Round or oval hypo echoic retroareolar mass
- Smooth wall margins
- Posterior acoustic
enhancement
What are 3 differential diagnosis of a galactocele?
- Fibroadenoma
- Complex cyst
- Abscess
What are the causes of gynecomastia?
Abnormal proliferation of ductal, glandular tissue, and stroma
What are the clinical findings of gynecomastia? (2)
- Abnormal enlargement of the male breast(s)
2. Painful or tender breast(s)
What is the US appearance for gynecomastia? (3)
- Hypo echoic to hyper echoic tissue beneath the areola
- Ducts converging toward the areola
- Increased amount of breast fat
Is a gynecomastia usually unilateral or bilateral?
Can be both
What are 2 differential diagnosis for gynecomastia?
- Neoplasm
2. Mastitis
What kind of disorder is gynecomastia involved with?
Hormone disorder
- endocrine
What is increased with gynecomastia?
Subcutaneous fat
What is a cause of lipoma?
Mature adipose tissue
What is a clinical findings of a lipoma?
Soft, mobile mass
What is the US appearance for a lipoma? (4)
- Homogeneous hyper echoic mass within the subcutaneous fat
- Oval in shape
- Smooth wall margins 4. May appear similar to breast fat
What are 3 differential diagnosis for a lipoma?
- Glandular breast tissue
- Fibroadenoma
- Complex cyst
What causes mastitis? (3)
- Bacteria infection
- Obstructed lactiferous duct
- Infected cyst
What are clinical findings for mastitis? (7)
- Painful or tender breast(s)
- Erythema
- Fever
- Thick nipple discharge 5. Swelling
- Lymphadenopathy
- Malaise
What is the US appearance for mastitis? (2)
- Dilated lactiferous ducts
2. Hypervascular breast parenchyma
What is a differential diagnosis for mastitis?
Fibrocystic disease
What are the clinical findings of a papilloma? (2)
- Asymptomatic
2. Bloody nipple discharge
What is the US appearance of a papilloma? (2)
- Hypo echoic mass commonly found beneath the areola
2. Single adjacent dilated duct
What are 3 differential diagnosis for a papilloma?
- Papillary carcinoma 2. Dilated lactiferous duct
3. Lactiferous sinus
What is the most common malignancy for breasts?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
What are the clinical findings for invasive ductal carcinoma? (3)
- Asymptomatic
- Palpable breast mass
- Changes in breast or nipple contour
What is the US appearance for Invasive ductal carcinoma? (8)
- Hypo echoic breast mass
- Heterogeneous mass
- Irregular or ill-defined borders
- Posterior acoustic
shadowing - Adjacent tissue may
appear hyper echoic - Mass breaches fascial plane(s)
- Cooper ligaments may appear thick and
straight in course - Height of mass is larger than the width
What are 3 differential diagnosis for an invasive ductal carcinoma?
- Degenerating fibroadenoma
- Hematoma
- Breast scarring or fibrosis
