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KaBoom > Urinary System - Part 1 > Flashcards

Urinary System - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ATN

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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2
Q

Acute tubular necrosis

A

Ischemic necrosis of tubular cells

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of renal failure?

A

ATN

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4
Q

Angiotensin

A

Polypoid in the blood that causes vasoconstriction, increase in blood pressure, and the release of aldosterone

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5
Q

Dromedary hump

A

Cortical bulge on the lateral aspect of the kidney

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6
Q

Hypertrophied column of Bertin

A

Enlargement of a column of Bertin that extends into the renal pyramid

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7
Q

Junctional parenchymal defect

A

Embryonic remnant of the fusion site between the upper and lower poles of the kidney

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8
Q

Papilla

A

Blunt apex of the renal pyramid

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9
Q

Pelviectasis

A

Dilation of the renal pelvis

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10
Q

Renal sinus lipomatosis

A

Excessive accumulation of fat in the renal sinus

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11
Q

Renin

A

Renal enzyme that affects blood pressure

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12
Q

Urachus

A

Epithelial tube connecting the apex of the urinary bladder to the umbilicus

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13
Q

Ureterocele

A

Prolapse of the distal ureter into the urinary bladder

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14
Q

What is the basic unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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15
Q

How many nephrons are contained in each kidney?

A

Over 1 million

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16
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system? (4)

A
  1. Produces urine and erythropoietin
  2. Influences blood pressure, blood volume, and intake or excretion of salt and water
    through the renin-angiotensin system
  3. Regulates serum electrolytes
  4. Regulates acid-base balance
17
Q

Renal capsule

A

Fibrous capsule (true capsule) surrounding the cortex

18
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outer portion of the kidney

- bound by the renal capsule and arcuate vessels

19
Q

Medulla

A

Inner portion of the renal parenchyma

20
Q

Column of Bertin

A

Inward extension of the renal cortex between the renal pyramids

21
Q

Renal sinus

A

Central portion of the kidney

22
Q

What does the renal hilum contain? (3)

A
  1. Renal artery
  2. Renal vein
  3. Ureter
23
Q

What does the renal cortex contain? (2)

A
  1. Glomerular capsules

2. Convoluted tubules

24
Q

What lies within the medulla?

A

Renal pyramids

25
Q

What do the renal pyramids contain? (2)

A
  1. Tubules

2. Loops of Henle

26
Q

What does the renal sinus contain? (7)

A
  1. The major and minor calyces
  2. Peripelvic fat
  3. Fibrous tissues
  4. Arteries
  5. Veins
  6. Lymphatics
  7. Part of the renal pelvis
27
Q

How long are ureters?

A

25-34cm

28
Q

What do the ureters connect?

A

Renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

29
Q

Where do ureters course?

A

Vertically with retroperitoneum along the psoas muscles

30
Q

Where do ureters insert?

A

Posterior and inferiorly at the trigone of the bladder

31
Q

What is the distal ureter at the trigone considered?

A

Extraperitoneal

KaBoom (81 decks)

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