Urinary System - Part 1 Flashcards
ATN
Acute tubular necrosis
Acute tubular necrosis
Ischemic necrosis of tubular cells
What is the most common cause of renal failure?
ATN
Angiotensin
Polypoid in the blood that causes vasoconstriction, increase in blood pressure, and the release of aldosterone
Dromedary hump
Cortical bulge on the lateral aspect of the kidney
Hypertrophied column of Bertin
Enlargement of a column of Bertin that extends into the renal pyramid
Junctional parenchymal defect
Embryonic remnant of the fusion site between the upper and lower poles of the kidney
Papilla
Blunt apex of the renal pyramid
Pelviectasis
Dilation of the renal pelvis
Renal sinus lipomatosis
Excessive accumulation of fat in the renal sinus
Renin
Renal enzyme that affects blood pressure
Urachus
Epithelial tube connecting the apex of the urinary bladder to the umbilicus
Ureterocele
Prolapse of the distal ureter into the urinary bladder
What is the basic unit of the kidney?
Nephron
How many nephrons are contained in each kidney?
Over 1 million
What are the functions of the urinary system? (4)
- Produces urine and erythropoietin
- Influences blood pressure, blood volume, and intake or excretion of salt and water
through the renin-angiotensin system - Regulates serum electrolytes
- Regulates acid-base balance
Renal capsule
Fibrous capsule (true capsule) surrounding the cortex
Renal cortex
Outer portion of the kidney
- bound by the renal capsule and arcuate vessels
Medulla
Inner portion of the renal parenchyma
Column of Bertin
Inward extension of the renal cortex between the renal pyramids
Renal sinus
Central portion of the kidney
What does the renal hilum contain? (3)
- Renal artery
- Renal vein
- Ureter
What does the renal cortex contain? (2)
- Glomerular capsules
2. Convoluted tubules
What lies within the medulla?
Renal pyramids
What do the renal pyramids contain? (2)
- Tubules
2. Loops of Henle
What does the renal sinus contain? (7)
- The major and minor calyces
- Peripelvic fat
- Fibrous tissues
- Arteries
- Veins
- Lymphatics
- Part of the renal pelvis
How long are ureters?
25-34cm
What do the ureters connect?
Renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
Where do ureters course?
Vertically with retroperitoneum along the psoas muscles
Where do ureters insert?
Posterior and inferiorly at the trigone of the bladder
What is the distal ureter at the trigone considered?
Extraperitoneal
