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KaBoom > Scrotum and Prostate - Part 7 > Flashcards

Scrotum and Prostate - Part 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes hydrocele? (3)

A
  1. The closure of the tunica vaginalis is defective
  2. The distal end of the processus vaginalis closes correctly, but the midportion of the processus remains patent
  3. The proximal end may be open or closed in this type of hydrocele
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2
Q

What are the clinical findings for a hydrocele? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Palpable inguinal mass
  3. Inguinal or scrotal pain
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3
Q

What is the US appearance for a hydrocele? (3)

A
  1. Anechoic fluid collection within the inguinal canal
  2. Posterior acoustic enhancement
  3. No internal blood flow
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4
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for a hydrocele?

A

Inguinal hernia

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5
Q

What is a cause of BPH?

A

Noninflammatory enlargement of the prostate gland

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6
Q

Where does BPH usually occur in?

A

Transitional zone

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7
Q

What are the clinical findings of BPH? (4)

A
  1. Urinary frequency 2. Dysuria
  2. Decreased urinary
    output
  3. UTI
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8
Q

What is the US appearance for BPH? (4)

A
  1. Symmetrical prostate enlargement
  2. Hypo echoic parenchyma
  3. May demonstrate nodules, cysts, or calcifications
  4. Associated hydronephrosis
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9
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for BPH?

A

Carcinoma

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10
Q

What is prostatic carcinoma associated with?

A

Hormone

production

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11
Q

What are the clinical findings for prostatic carcinoma? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Hematuria
  3. Bladder obstruction
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12
Q

What is the US appearance for prostatic carcinoma? (3)

A
  1. Small hypo echoic nodules
  2. Smooth or irregular wall
    margins
  3. Elevated PSA
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13
Q

What is the majority of prostatic carcinoma commonly located?

A

In the peripheral zone

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14
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for prostatic carcinoma?

A
  1. Seminal vesicle

2. BPH

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15
Q

Where do prostatic cysts occur?

A

Laterally in any of

the three zones

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16
Q

What are the clinical findings for prostatic cysts? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. BPH

17
Q

What is the US appearance for prostatic cysts? (4)

A
  1. Anechoic prostate mass
  2. Smooth wall margins
  3. Posterior acoustic
    enhancement
  4. Lack of internal vascular flow
18
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for prostatic cysts?

A
  1. Resolving hematoma
  2. Vascular structure
  3. Post TURP scar
19
Q

What are the causes of prostatitis? (2)

A
  1. Infection
  2. Acute or chronic
    inflammation of the prostate gland
20
Q

What are the clinical findings for prostatitis? (2)

A
  1. Urinary frequency and urgency

2. Dysuria

21
Q

What is the US appearance for prostatitis? (2)

A
  1. Diffuse hyper echoic parenchyma

2. Prostate atrophy in chronic cases

22
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for prostatitis?

A

Calcifications

23
Q

Hydrocele

A

Two layers of the tunica vaginalis

24
Q

Where does carcinoma of the prostate gland most commonly develop in?

A

The peripheral zone

25
Q

An anechoic structure arising from the rete testes describes what structure?

A

Spermatocele

26
Q

What most commonly causes epididymitis?

A

Bladder infection

27
Q

Where is the most common region for BPH to occur?

A

Transitional zone

28
Q

A 30-year-old patient presents with a low-grade fever and acute testicular pain. An enlarged hypo echoic right testis is demonstrated on US. Hypervascular flow is demonstrated within the testis on colour Doppler imaging. On the basis of this clinical history, the US findings are most suspicious for which abnormalitie?

A

Orchitis

29
Q

The majority of blood supplied to the prostate gland is through the…

A

Capsular artery

30
Q

Blood is supplied directly to the epididymis through which artery?

A

Cremasteric

31
Q

Which pathology is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain?

A

Epididymitis

32
Q

60-year-old patient presents with a history of urinary frequency and a decrease in urinary output. These clinical symptoms are most commonly associated with:

A

BPH

KaBoom (81 decks)

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