Urinary System - Part 3 Flashcards
Which kidney is located more superior?
Left
What are 5 renal anatomical variants?
- Dromedary hump
- Extrarenal pelvis
- Fetal lobulations
- Hypertrophied column of Bertin
- Junctional parenchymal defect
Dromedary hump
Cortical bulge on the lateral aspect of the kidney
Which kidney is dromedary hump more common in?
Left
What is the clinical finding of dromedary hump?
Asymptomatic
What is the US appearance of dromedary hump? (2)
- Lateral outward cortical bulge
2. Echogenicity equal to the cortex
What are 4 differential diagnosis of dromedary hump?
- Carcinoma
- Hematoma
- Renal cyst
- Hypertrophied column of Bertin
Extrarenal pelvis
Renal pelvis extrudes from the renal hilum
What is the clinical findings of extrarenal pelvis?
Asymptomatic
What is the US appearance of extrarenal pelvis? (3)
- Anechoic
- Oval-shaped structure medial to the renal hilum
- No vascular flow
What are 3 differential diagnosis of extrarenal pelvis?
- Hydroureter
- Renal cyst
- Renal vein
Fetal lobulation
Immature renal development
What is the clinical finding of fetal lobulation?
Asymptomatic
What is the US appearance of fetal lobulation?
Lobulations in the renal contour
What are 2 differential diagnosis of fetal lobulation?
- Junctional parenchymal defect
2. Dromedary hump
Hypertrophied column of Bertin
Enlarged column of Bertin
What is the clinical finding of Hypertrophied column of Bertin?
Asymptomatic
What is the US appearance of Hypertrophied column of Bertin? (2)
- Mass extending from the cortex into the renal pyramids
2. Echogenicity similar to cortex
What are 3 differential diagnosis of Hypertrophied column of Bertin?
- Carcinoma
- Renal duplication
- Abscess
Junctional parenchymal defect
Embryonic remnant of the fusion site between the upper and lower portions of the kidney
What is the clinical finding of a junctional parenchymal defect?
Asymptomatic
What is the US appearance of a junctional parenchymal defect?
Triangular echogenic area in the anterior aspect of the kidney
What are 4 differential diagnosis of a junctional parenchymal defect?
- Technical factors
- Calcified artery
- Angiomyolipoma
- Fetal lobulation
Agenesis of the kidney
Absence of the kidney(s)
Is agenesis of the kidney unilateral or bilateral?
It can be both
- but if it is bilateral it is incompatible with life
What are the clinical findings for agenesis of the kidney? (2)
- Asymptomatic when unilateral
2. Fatal when bilateral
What is the US appearance for agenesis of the kidney? (2)
- Empty renal fossa(e) 2. Large, contralateral kidney
What are 3 differential diagnosis of agenesis of the kidney?
- Pelvic kidney
- Surgical removal
- Crossed fused ectopia
What is agenesis of the kidney commonly associated with?
Associated with genital anomalies
What variant does cake kidney come from?
Horseshoe
Where is a cake kidney found?
In the pelvis
What are the clinical findings of cake kidney? (2)
- Asymptomatic
2. Pelvic mass
What is the US appearance of cake kidney? (2)
- Fusion of entire medial aspect of both kidneys
2. Anterior rotation of the renal pelvis
What are 2 differential diagnosis of cake kidney?
- Crossed fused ectopia
2. Renal mass
