Neck - Part 1

Question 1

Brachial cleft cyst

Answer 1

A congenital diverticulum of the brachial cleft located directly below the angle of the mandible

Question 2

What is exophthalmos associated with?

Answer 2

Hyperthyroidism

Question 3

De Quervain syndrome

Answer 3

Subacute thyroiditis secondary to a viral infection

Question 4

Goiter

Answer 4

A pronounced swelling of the neck caused by an enlarged thyroid gland

Question 5

Graves disease

Answer 5

A multisystemic autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism

Question 6

What is Graves disease commonly associated with? (2)

Answer 6

1. Enlarged thyroid

2. Exophthalmos

Question 7

Hashimoto disease

Answer 7

A progressive autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland

Question 8

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Answer 8

Hashimoto disease

Question 9

What is Hashimoto disease associated with?

Answer 9

An increased risk of developing a thyroid malignancy

Question 10

What is hypercalcemia associated with?

Answer 10

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 11

What can hyperparathyroidism lead to? (2)

Answer 11

1. Osteoporosis

2. Nephrolithiasis

Question 12

What is hypocalcemia associated with?

Answer 12

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 13

What muscle is commonly associated with whiplash injuries?

Answer 13

Longus colli muscles

Question 14

What is the most severe form of hypothyroidism?

Answer 14

Myxedema

Question 15

What is myxedema characterized by? (3)

Answer 15

1. Swelling face
2. Swelling hands
3. Swelling feet

Question 16

Postpartum thyroiditis

Answer 16

A transient thyroiditis seen following pregnancy

Question 17

What do the sternocleidomastoid muscles do?

Answer 17

Flex and rotate the head

Question 18

What are the 3 strap muslces?

Answer 18

1. Sternohyoid muscles
2. Sternothyroid muscles
3. Omohyoid muscles

Question 19

Thyroglossal cyst

Answer 19

An embryonic remnant cyst located between the isthmus of the thyroid and the tongue

Question 20

What are the functions of the thyroid glands? (4)

Answer 20

1. Maintain body metabolism, growth, and development
2. Processes iodine
3. Secretes hormones
4. Functions to control the basil metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 21

What are the 3 hormones secreted from the thyroid glands?

Answer 21

1. Thyroxine
2. Triiodothyronine
3. Calcitonin

Question 22

What is secretion of the thyroid hormone controlled by?

Answer 22

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 23

What is the thyroid stimulating hormone produce by?

Answer 23

Pituitary gland

Question 24

What is a function of the parathyroid glands?

Answer 24

Maintain homeostasis of blood calcium concentrations

Question 25

What is a function of the carotid arteries?

Answer 25

Supply blood to the head and neck

Question 26

What is a function of the jugular veins?

Answer 26

Drains blood from the head and neck

Question 27

Where is the longus colli muscle located? (2)

Answer 27

1. Anterior surface of the vertebral column

2. Posterior to the thyroid lobe and CCA

Question 28

Where is the platysma muscles located? (2)

Answer 28

1. Lateral neck
   - superficial muscles
2. Posterior to the subcutaneous tissues

Question 29

Where are the sternocleidomastoid muscles located? (2)

Answer 29

1. Lateral neck
   - superficial muscles
2. Lateral to the thyroid lobes and strap muscles

Question 30

Where are strap muscles located?

Answer 30

Anterior and lateral to the thyroid lobe