Neck - Part 1 Flashcards
Brachial cleft cyst
A congenital diverticulum of the brachial cleft located directly below the angle of the mandible
What is exophthalmos associated with?
Hyperthyroidism
De Quervain syndrome
Subacute thyroiditis secondary to a viral infection
Goiter
A pronounced swelling of the neck caused by an enlarged thyroid gland
Graves disease
A multisystemic autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism
What is Graves disease commonly associated with? (2)
- Enlarged thyroid
2. Exophthalmos
Hashimoto disease
A progressive autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto disease
What is Hashimoto disease associated with?
An increased risk of developing a thyroid malignancy
What is hypercalcemia associated with?
Hyperparathyroidism
What can hyperparathyroidism lead to? (2)
- Osteoporosis
2. Nephrolithiasis
What is hypocalcemia associated with?
Hypoparathyroidism
What muscle is commonly associated with whiplash injuries?
Longus colli muscles
What is the most severe form of hypothyroidism?
Myxedema
What is myxedema characterized by? (3)
- Swelling face
- Swelling hands
- Swelling feet
Postpartum thyroiditis
A transient thyroiditis seen following pregnancy
What do the sternocleidomastoid muscles do?
Flex and rotate the head
What are the 3 strap muslces?
- Sternohyoid muscles
- Sternothyroid muscles
- Omohyoid muscles
Thyroglossal cyst
An embryonic remnant cyst located between the isthmus of the thyroid and the tongue
What are the functions of the thyroid glands? (4)
- Maintain body metabolism, growth, and development
- Processes iodine
- Secretes hormones
- Functions to control the basil metabolic rate (BMR)
What are the 3 hormones secreted from the thyroid glands?
- Thyroxine
- Triiodothyronine
- Calcitonin
What is secretion of the thyroid hormone controlled by?
Thyroid stimulating hormone
What is the thyroid stimulating hormone produce by?
Pituitary gland
What is a function of the parathyroid glands?
Maintain homeostasis of blood calcium concentrations
What is a function of the carotid arteries?
Supply blood to the head and neck
What is a function of the jugular veins?
Drains blood from the head and neck
Where is the longus colli muscle located? (2)
- Anterior surface of the vertebral column
2. Posterior to the thyroid lobe and CCA
Where is the platysma muscles located? (2)
- Lateral neck
- superficial muscles - Posterior to the subcutaneous tissues
Where are the sternocleidomastoid muscles located? (2)
- Lateral neck
- superficial muscles - Lateral to the thyroid lobes and strap muscles
Where are strap muscles located?
Anterior and lateral to the thyroid lobe
