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KaBoom > Superficial Structures - Part 7 > Flashcards

Superficial Structures - Part 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Achilles tendonitis? (2)

A
  1. Inflammation

2. Trauma

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2
Q

What are the clinical findings of Achilles tendonitis? (3)

A
  1. Pain or tenderness at the site of insertion
  2. Palpable mass
  3. Decreased range of motion in the foot or ankle joint
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3
Q

What is the US appearance of Achilles tendonitis? (6)

A
  1. Thickening of the tendon
  2. Tendon thickness exceeding 7mm
  3. Prominent hypo echoic areas
    interspersed between the
    fibrous tissues
  4. Irregular wall margins
  5. Hypervascularity
  6. Calcifications in chronic cases
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4
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of Achilles tendonitis?

A
  1. Partial tear
  2. Anisotropy artifact
  3. Tendinosis
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5
Q

What is the cause of an Achilles tendon tear?

A

Trauma

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6
Q

What are the clinical findings of an Achilles tendon tear? (3)

A
  1. Painful tendon
  2. Positive Thompson test
  3. Focal cleft at tendon insertion
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7
Q

What is the US appearance of a complete Achilles tendon tear? (2)

A
  1. Irregular tendon contour

2. Hematoma surrounding the defect

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8
Q

What is the US appearance of a partial Achilles tendon tear? (2)

A
  1. Focal disruption in the tendon

2. Fluid collection within the tendon

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9
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of an Achilles tendon tear?

A
  1. Anisotropy artifact 2. Tendonitis

3. Tendinosis

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10
Q

What is an Achilles tendon tear most commonly located?

A

Distal portion 2-6cm from the calcaneus

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11
Q

What are the causes of a Baker’s cyst? (4)

A
  1. Knee trauma
  2. Rheumatoid arthritis
  3. Osteoarthritis
  4. Chronic knee
    dysfunction
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12
Q

What are the clinical findings for a Baker’s cyst? (2)

A
  1. Pain in knee or proximal calf

2. Knee swelling Palpable mass

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13
Q

What is the US appearance for a Baker’s cyst? (4)

A
  1. Anechoic mass in the medial and posterior aspect of the knee
  2. May contain internal echoes
  3. May extend into the calf
    - rarely extends into the thigh
  4. Fluid collections dissect inferiorly
    into the muscular fascial planes when ruptured
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14
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a Baker’s cyst?

A
  1. Joint effusion
  2. Abscess
  3. Hematoma
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15
Q

What are the risk factors for a development displacement of a hip? (6)

A
  1. Family history of congenital dislocation of the hip
  2. Female infant
  3. Breech presentation
  4. Pregnancies with
    oligohydramnios
  5. Foot deformity that requires further treatment
  6. Neonatal torticollis
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16
Q

What are the clinical findings for development displacement of a hip? (6)

A
  1. Clicky hip on the 2. Barlow or Ortolani maneuvers
  2. Limited abduction
  3. Thigh asymmetry 5. Limb shortening 6. Abnormal leg posture
17
Q

What is the US appearance for development displacement of a hip? (2)

A
  1. Shallow acetabulum
  2. Femoral head not in contact with
    acetabular floor
18
Q

What is the alpha angle for development displacement of a hip?

A

Less than 60 degrees

19
Q

What is the beta angle for development displacement of a hip?

A

Greater than 50 degrees

20
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for development displacement of a hip?

A
  1. Immature hip

2. Technical error

21
Q

What are causes of a ganglion cyst? (2)

A
  1. Idiopathic

2. Repetitive motion

22
Q

What are the clinical findings for a ganglion cyst? (2)

A
  1. Small bulge found on the wrist
    - but can occur with any tendon
  2. Pain
23
Q

What is the US appearance for a ganglion cyst? (3)

A
  1. Anechoic fluid collection at tendon connection to bone

2. Single or multiple 3. Variable size

24
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for a ganglion cyst?

A
  1. Tenosynovitis

2. Synovial sarcoma

25
Q

Morton’s neuroma

A

Benign growth of the plantar nerve tissue

26
Q

What are the clinical findings of Morton’s neuroma? (2)

A
  1. Sharp burning pain radiating from the foot to the toes

2. Numbness of the ball of the foot

27
Q

What is the US appearance for Morton’s neuroma?

A

Hypo echoic intermetatarsal mass

28
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for Morton’s neuroma?

A
  1. Ganglion cyst

2. Giant cell tumour

29
Q

What causes a muscle tear? (2)

A
  1. Sprain

2. Strain

30
Q

What are the risk factors for a muscle tear? (5)

A
  1. Increase in age
  2. Lifting above the head
  3. Sports strains
  4. Cigarette smoking 5. Corticosteroid medications
31
Q

What are the clinical findings for a muscle tear? (3)

A
  1. Pain
  2. Swelling
  3. Decrease in range of motion
32
Q

What is the US appearance for a muscle tear? (3)

A
  1. Heterogeneous mass
  2. Focal disruption of the normal muscle
  3. Perifascial fluid
33
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for a muscle tear?

A
  1. Giant cell tumour

2. Neuroma

KaBoom (81 decks)

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