Liver - Part 5 Flashcards
Schistosomiasis
Parasite entering the skin or mucosa and traveling to the lung and then liver
- can take a while to see symptoms sometimes
What are the clinical findings for schistosomiasis? (5)
- Rash
- Fever
- Diarrhea
- Lymphadenopathy
- RUQ pain
What is the US appearance for schistosomiasis? (6)
- Increase in echogenicity of the portal walls
- Thick portal wall margins
- Atrophy of the right lobe
- Hypertrophy of the left lobe
- Thickening of the GB wall
- Portosystemic collaterals
What is the cause for an adenoma?
Long history of use of oral contraceptives
What is an adenoma associated with?
Type 1 glycogen storage disease
What are the clinical findings of an adenoma? (3)
- Asymptomatic
- Normal labs
- RUQ pain
What is the US appearance for an adenoma? (3)
- Solid slightly hypo echoic mass
- Hypo echoic halo
- Complex mass is demonstrated with hemorrhage or necrosis
Cavernous hemangioma
Benign congenital neoplasm consisting of large blood-filled cystic spaces
- most common benign liver mass
Who is cavernous hemangioma more common in?
Females
What are the clinical features of cavernous hemangioma? (2)
- Asymptomatic
2. RUQ pain
What is the US appearance of cavernous hemangioma? (5)
- Homogeneous
- Hyper echoic mass
- Well-defined wall margins
- Round shape
- Complex echo pattern from hemorrhage or necrosis
What are the 2 most common causes of cirrhosis?
- Alcoholism
2. Chronic hepatitis C
What are the clinical features of cirrhosis? (7)
- Weakness and fatigue
- Weight loss
- Abdominal pain
- Ascites (hard to breath)
- Elevated AST, ALT and bilirubin
- Skin changes and hair loss
- Non-obstructive jaundice
What is the US appearance of cirrhosis? (7)
- Diffuse increase in parenchymal echogenicity
- Irregular nodular contour
- Inability to distinguish portal vein wall margins
- Increased attenuation
- Enlargement of the caudate lobe
- Splenomegaly
- Ascites
What are the causes of fatty infiltration? (8)
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatitis
- Alcohol abuse
- Hyperlipidemia
- Metabolic disorder
- Ulcerative colitis
What are the clinical features of fatty infiltration? (3)
- Asymptomatic
- Elevated LFTs
- Hepatomegaly
What is the US appearance of fatty infiltration? (3)
- Diffuse increase in parenchymal echogenicity
- Normal vessel wall margins
- Normal liver parenchyma appears as a hypoechoic mass adjacent to the IVC or anterior to the porta hepatis
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Hormone influence congenital vascular malformation
What is the second most common benign liver mass?
Focal nodular hyperplasia
What are the clinical findings of FNH?
Asymptomatic
What is the US appearance of FNH? (4)
- Hyperechoic or isoechoic liver mass
- Well-defined wall margins
- Hypoechoic central stellate scar
- Peripheral and central blood flow
Where is FNH commonly located?
In the right lobe
