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KaBoom > Scrotum and Prostate - Part 6 > Flashcards

Scrotum and Prostate - Part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of a testicular abscess?

A

Complication of untreated

epididymoorchitis

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2
Q

What are the clinical findings of a testicular abscess?(3)

A
  1. Fever
  2. Scrotal pain
  3. Scrotal swelling
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3
Q

What is the US appearance for a testicular abscess? (3)

A
  1. Complex testicular or epididymal mass
  2. Hypervascular peripheral flow
  3. Lack of blood flow within mass
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4
Q

What is a differential diagnosis of a testicular abscess?

A

Neoplasm

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5
Q

What increases with age for a testicular cyst?

A

Incidence

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6
Q

What is a clinical finding for a testicular cyst?

A

Asymptomatic

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7
Q

What is the US appearance for a testicular cyst? (3)

A
  1. Anechoic mass within the testis
  2. Smooth wall margins
  3. Posterior acoustic
    enhancement
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8
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a testicular cyst?

A
  1. Resolving hematoma
  2. Vascular structure
  3. Neoplasm
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9
Q

What is the most common malignant neoplasm?

A

Germ cell neoplasm

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10
Q

What are causes of malignant neoplasm? (3)

A
  1. Teratoma

2. Stromal neoplasm 3. Metastases

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11
Q

What are the clinical findings for a malignant neoplasm? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Palpable scrotal mass
  3. Scrotal swelling
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12
Q

What is the US appearance of a malignant neoplasm? (4)

A
  1. Hypo echoic intratesticular mass
  2. May appear complex
  3. Hypervascular mass periphery
  4. Reactive hydrocele
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13
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a malignant neoplasm?

A
  1. Abscess
  2. Hematoma
  3. Focal orchitis
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14
Q

What are the causes for microcalcifications?

A
  1. Idiopathic
  2. Calcified vessels
  3. Granulomatosis
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15
Q

What is a clinical finding for microcalcifications?

A

Asymptomatic

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16
Q

What is the US appearance for microcalcifications?

A

Multiple small hyper echoic foci dispersed in the testis parenchyma

17
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for microcalcifications?

A
  1. Neoplasm
  2. Chronic orchitis
  3. Resolving hematoma
18
Q

What are microcalcifications associated with 40% of the time?

A

Neoplasm

19
Q

Are microcalcifications usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

Bilateral

20
Q

What is the most common cause of orchitis?

A

Chlamydia

21
Q

What is the second most common cause of orchitis?

A

Epididymitis

22
Q

What are the clinical findings of orchitis? (4)

A
  1. Scrotal pain
  2. Scrotal swelling
  3. Fever
  4. Nausea/vomiting
23
Q

What is the US appearance of orchitis? (5)

A
  1. Enlarged hypo echoic testis parenchyma
  2. Increase in intratesticular vascular flow
  3. Hydrocele
  4. Complex areas of necrosis
  5. Atrophy and intratesticular
    calcifications are demonstrated in chronic cases
24
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of orchitis?

A
  1. Testicular torsion 2. Neoplasm
25
Q

What is tubular ectasia of the rete testis usually associated with?

A

Epididymal obstruction resulting from trauma or inflammation

26
Q

What is a clinical finding for tubular ectasia of the rete testis?

A

Asymptomatic

27
Q

What is a US appearance for tubular ectasia of the rete testis? (2)

A
  1. Cystic lesion demonstrated in the region of the mediastinum testis
  2. Variable in size
28
Q

Is tubular ectasia of the rete testis usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

Bilateral

- asymmetrical

29
Q

What is a differential diagnosis of tubular ectasia of the rete testis?

A

Carcinoma

30
Q

What is a cause of testicular rupture?

A

Trauma

31
Q

What are the clinical findings for a testicular rupture? (3)

A
  1. Scrotal pain
  2. Scrotal swelling
  3. Palpable scrotal mass
32
Q

What is the US appearance of a testicular rupture? (3)

A
  1. Irregular fibrous testicular capsule
  2. Extrusion of the testis into the scrotal sac
  3. Hematocele
33
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for a testicular rupture?

A
  1. Neoplasm

2. Hematoma

34
Q

What causes testicular torsion?

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord on itself

- obstructing the blood vessels supplying the epididymis and testis

35
Q

What are the clinical findings of testicular torsion? (4)

A
  1. Sudden onset of groin or scrotal pain
  2. Lower abdominal pain
  3. Nausea/vomiting
  4. Scrotal swelling
36
Q

What is the US appearance of testicular torsion? (5)

A
  1. Hypo echoic parenchyma
    - acute
  2. Hetergeneous parenchyma
    - chronic
  3. May appear enlarged
  4. Markedly absent or decreased intratesticular
    blood flow
  5. Hydrocele
37
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of testicular torsion?

A
  1. Neoplasm
  2. Hematoma
  3. Improper Doppler settings and angle

KaBoom (81 decks)

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