Scrotum and Prostate - Part 6 Flashcards
What is the cause of a testicular abscess?
Complication of untreated
epididymoorchitis
What are the clinical findings of a testicular abscess?(3)
- Fever
- Scrotal pain
- Scrotal swelling
What is the US appearance for a testicular abscess? (3)
- Complex testicular or epididymal mass
- Hypervascular peripheral flow
- Lack of blood flow within mass
What is a differential diagnosis of a testicular abscess?
Neoplasm
What increases with age for a testicular cyst?
Incidence
What is a clinical finding for a testicular cyst?
Asymptomatic
What is the US appearance for a testicular cyst? (3)
- Anechoic mass within the testis
- Smooth wall margins
- Posterior acoustic
enhancement
What are 3 differential diagnosis for a testicular cyst?
- Resolving hematoma
- Vascular structure
- Neoplasm
What is the most common malignant neoplasm?
Germ cell neoplasm
What are causes of malignant neoplasm? (3)
- Teratoma
2. Stromal neoplasm 3. Metastases
What are the clinical findings for a malignant neoplasm? (3)
- Asymptomatic
- Palpable scrotal mass
- Scrotal swelling
What is the US appearance of a malignant neoplasm? (4)
- Hypo echoic intratesticular mass
- May appear complex
- Hypervascular mass periphery
- Reactive hydrocele
What are 3 differential diagnosis for a malignant neoplasm?
- Abscess
- Hematoma
- Focal orchitis
What are the causes for microcalcifications?
- Idiopathic
- Calcified vessels
- Granulomatosis
What is a clinical finding for microcalcifications?
Asymptomatic
What is the US appearance for microcalcifications?
Multiple small hyper echoic foci dispersed in the testis parenchyma
What are 3 differential diagnosis for microcalcifications?
- Neoplasm
- Chronic orchitis
- Resolving hematoma
What are microcalcifications associated with 40% of the time?
Neoplasm
Are microcalcifications usually unilateral or bilateral?
Bilateral
What is the most common cause of orchitis?
Chlamydia
What is the second most common cause of orchitis?
Epididymitis
What are the clinical findings of orchitis? (4)
- Scrotal pain
- Scrotal swelling
- Fever
- Nausea/vomiting
What is the US appearance of orchitis? (5)
- Enlarged hypo echoic testis parenchyma
- Increase in intratesticular vascular flow
- Hydrocele
- Complex areas of necrosis
- Atrophy and intratesticular
calcifications are demonstrated in chronic cases
What are 2 differential diagnosis of orchitis?
- Testicular torsion 2. Neoplasm
What is tubular ectasia of the rete testis usually associated with?
Epididymal obstruction resulting from trauma or inflammation
What is a clinical finding for tubular ectasia of the rete testis?
Asymptomatic
What is a US appearance for tubular ectasia of the rete testis? (2)
- Cystic lesion demonstrated in the region of the mediastinum testis
- Variable in size
Is tubular ectasia of the rete testis usually unilateral or bilateral?
Bilateral
- asymmetrical
What is a differential diagnosis of tubular ectasia of the rete testis?
Carcinoma
What is a cause of testicular rupture?
Trauma
What are the clinical findings for a testicular rupture? (3)
- Scrotal pain
- Scrotal swelling
- Palpable scrotal mass
What is the US appearance of a testicular rupture? (3)
- Irregular fibrous testicular capsule
- Extrusion of the testis into the scrotal sac
- Hematocele
What are 2 differential diagnosis for a testicular rupture?
- Neoplasm
2. Hematoma
What causes testicular torsion?
Twisting of the spermatic cord on itself
- obstructing the blood vessels supplying the epididymis and testis
What are the clinical findings of testicular torsion? (4)
- Sudden onset of groin or scrotal pain
- Lower abdominal pain
- Nausea/vomiting
- Scrotal swelling
What is the US appearance of testicular torsion? (5)
- Hypo echoic parenchyma
- acute - Hetergeneous parenchyma
- chronic - May appear enlarged
- Markedly absent or decreased intratesticular
blood flow - Hydrocele
What are 3 differential diagnosis of testicular torsion?
- Neoplasm
- Hematoma
- Improper Doppler settings and angle
