GI Tract - Part 1 Flashcards
Where does Crohn’s disease most often occur?
In the ileum
Gastroparesis
Failure of the stomach to empty
What is gastroparesis caused by?
A decrease in gastric motility
Haustra
A recess or sacculation demonstrated in the walls of the ascending and transverse colon
Ileus
Obstruction of the small intestines
Intussusception
Prolapse of one segment of bowel into the
lumen of an adjacent segment of bowel
Meckel diverticulum
An anomalous sac protruding from the ileum
What is Meckel diverticulum caused by?
An incomplete closure of the yolk stalk
Mucocele
Distention of the appendix or colon with mucus
Volvulus
Abnormal twisting of a portion of the intestines or bowel
- which can impair blood flow
Where does the GI tract extend from?
The mouth to the anus
What are the divisions of the GI tract? (6)
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestines
- Colon
What are the functions of the GI tract? (7)
- Ingest food
- Digest food
- Secrete mucus and digestive enzymes
- Absorb and break down food
- Reabsorb fluid in the intestinal walls to prevent dehydration
- Form solid feces
- Release fecal waste
What is the esophagus?
Muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach
Where does the esophagus course?
Courses down the chest through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
What are the wall layers from the outer layer to the lumen for the esophagus? (4)
- External or fibrous
- outer - Muscularis
- Submucosal
- Mucosal
- inner
Where does the esophagus terminate?
Cardiac orifice of the stomach
What is the principle organ for digestion?
Stomach
Where is the stomach located?
Between the esophagus and small intestines
What are the 3 parts that make up the stomach?
- Fundus
- Body
- Pylorus
What are the wall layers from the outer layer to the lumen of the stomach? (5)
- Serosal
- outer - Muscularis propria
- Submucosal
- Muscular
- Mucosal or rugae
- inner
Where does the small intestine extend from?
From the pyloric opening to the ileocecal valve
What does the small intestine secrete?
Mucus
What does the small intestine receive?
Digestive enzymes
What are the 3 parts that make up the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
Where does the majority of food absorption occur?
In the small intestines
What are the wall layers from outer layer to lumen of the small intestines? (4)
- Serous
- outer - Muscular
- Submucosal
- Mucosal
- inner
What are the 4 portions of the duodenum?
- Superior portion
- Descending portion
- Horizontal portion
- Ascending portion
What does the duodenum secrete?
Large quantities of mucus
What does mucus from the duodenum do to the small intestines?
Protects it from the strongly
acidic chyme
What empties into the descending portion of the duodenum? (2)
- Enzymes from the duct of Wirsung
- Bile from the CBD empty into
the descending portion
Where does the jejunum begin?
At the ligament of Trietz
Where does the jejunum extend from?
The duodenum to the ileum
Where does the ileum extend from?
The jejunum to the junction with the cecum
- ileocecal junction
