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KaBoom > Spleen - Part 1 > Flashcards

Spleen - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hamartoma

A

A rare benign neoplasm composed of lymphoid tissue

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2
Q

What is hamartoma also known as?

A

Splenoma

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3
Q

Leukocytosis

A

WBC count above 20,000 mm3

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4
Q

Leukopenia

A

WBC count below 4000 mm3

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5
Q

What are the functions of the spleen? (4)

A
  1. Removes foreign material from the blood
  2. Initiates an immune reaction, resulting in production of antibodies and
    lymphocytes
  3. Major destruction site of old RBCs
    - RBCs are removed and Hb is recycled
  4. Reservoir for blood
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6
Q

Where does the splenic artery arise from?

A

The celiac axis

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7
Q

What does the splenic vein join with to form the main portal vein?

A

SMV

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8
Q

In cases of portal hypertension, where can the splenic vein shunt blood into?

A

The left renal vein

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9
Q

Is the spleen an intra or retroperitoneal organ ?

A

Intraperitoneal

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10
Q

Where is the spleen located compared to the diaphragm, left kidney, stomach and the pancreas?

A
  1. Diaphragm = inferior
  2. Left kidney = anterior
  3. Stomach = posterior and lateral
  4. Lateral
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11
Q

Accessory spleen

A

Improper splenic fusion

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12
Q

What is a clinical finding for an accessory spleen?

A

Asymptomatic

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13
Q

What is the US appearance for an accessory spleen? (4)

A
  1. Homogeneous mass typically located medial to the splenic hilum
  2. Echogenicity similar to spleen
  3. Round or oval in shape
  4. Variable size
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14
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for an accessory spleen?

A
  1. Lymphadenopathy
  2. Pancreatic mass
  3. Adrenal mass
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15
Q

Aplasia

A

Failure of the spleen to develop

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16
Q

What is a clinical finding for aplasia?

A

Asymptomatic

17
Q

What is the US appearance for aplasia?

A

Absence of the spleen

18
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for aplasia?

A
  1. Splenectomy

2. Wandering spleen

19
Q

Polysplenia

A

Multiple small spleens

20
Q

What are the clinical findings for polysplenia? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Varies with associated congenital anomalies

21
Q

What is the US appearance for polysplenia? (3)

A
  1. Multiple small spleens
  2. Located along the greater curvature of the stomach
  3. Associated with gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and biliary anomalies
22
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for polysplenia?

A
  1. Lymphadenopathy

2. Retroperitoneal masses

23
Q

Wandering spleen

A

Improper fusion of the dorsal mesentery with the posterior peritoneum

24
Q

What is a clinical finding for a wandering spleen?

A

Asymptomatic

25
Q

What is the US appearance for a wandering spleen?

A

Abnormal location of the spleen

26
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for a wandering spleen?

A
  1. Asplenia

2. Splenic rupture

27
Q

What is the normal US appearance of the spleen? (2)

A
  1. Moderately echogenic homogeneous parenchyma

2. Isoechoic to slightly hypo echoic compared to the normal liver parenchyma

28
Q

What are the measurements for the spleen? (L, W, H)

A 
Length = 10-12cm
Width = 7cm
Thickness = 3-4cm
29
Q

What are the causes of splenomegaly? (10)

A
  1. Congestive heart failure
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Portal hypertension 4. Portal vein thrombosis
  4. Infection
  5. Diabetes mellitus
  6. Hypertension
  7. Hepatitis
  8. Trauma
  9. Hemolytic anemia
30
Q

What are the clinical findings for splenomegaly? (5)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Dyspepsia
    - hard to digest
  3. Fatigue
  4. Abdominal pain
  5. Palpable LUQ mass
31
Q

What is the US appearance for splenomegaly? (5)

A
  1. Enlargement of the spleen
  2. Length exceeding 13cm
  3. Hypo echoic parenchyma
  4. Evaluate liver for pathology
  5. Evaluate abdominal cavity for ascites
32
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for splenomegaly?

A
  1. Technical error

2. Splenic rupture

KaBoom (81 decks)

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