Urinary System - Part 10 Flashcards
What are the risk factors for renal vein thrombosis? (7)
- Malignancy
- Primary renal disease
- IVC obstruction
- Systemic lupus
erythematosus - Sickle cell anemia
- Amyloidosis
- Hypercoagulable
state
What causes renal vein thrombosis? (4)
- Renal disease
- Surgery
- Trauma
- Dehydration
What are the clinical findings for renal vein thrombosis? (5)
- Flank pain
- Hematuria
- Hypertension
- Proteinuria
- Azotemia
What is the US appearance for renal vein thrombosis? (4)
- Increase in vein diameter
- Hypo echoic or complex echoes
within the renal vein - Continuous, minimal, or absent intraluminal venous flow
- Enlarged kidney
What are 3 differential diagnosis for renal vein thrombosis?
- Renal vein tumour extension
- Improper gain or focal zone settings
- Improper Doppler settings or angle
What are the causes for renal vein tumour extension? (3)
- Renal carcinoma
- Renal lymphoma
- Nephroblastoma
What is the US appearance for renal vein tumour extension? (4)
- Increase in vein diameter
- Echogenic mass within the renal vein
- Vascular flow within the mass
- Continuous, minimal, or absent intraluminal venous flow
What are 3 differential diagnosis for renal vein tumour extension? (3)
- Renal vein thrombosis
- Improper gain or focal zone settings
- Improper Doppler settings or angle
Renal dialysis
Is a process of diffusing blood across a membrane to remove substances a normal kidney would eliminate
What can renal dialysis restore? (2)
- Electrolytes
2. Acid-base balance
What do renal dialysis patients have an increased incidence of developing? (3)
- Renal cyst
- Renal adenoma
- Renal carcinoma
Where is a transplanted kidney normally placed?
In the anterior right iliac fossa
During a renal transplant what is the renal artery anastomosed to?
The ipsilateral internal iliac artery
During a renal transplant what is the renal vein anastomosed to?
The ipsilateral external iliac vein
Where is the ureter implanted into on the urinary bladder?
The superior portion
What does the fat from around the bladder that is placed on the ureter acts as?
A valve
What are renal transplant complications? (8)
- Renal artery stenosis
- Renal artery thrombosis
- Primary renal vein thrombosis
- Secondary renal vein thrombosis
- Hematoma
- Urinoma
- Lymphocele
- Abscess
What does a hematoma look like on US when it is acute?
Hypo echoic
What does a hematoma look like on US when it is subacute?
Complex
What does a hematoma look like on US when it is chronic?
Anechoic
When can a urinoma occur after a renal transplant?
In the first few weeks
Where is a lymphocele usually found?
Medial to the transplant
When can an abscess occur after a renal transplant?
In the first few weeks
What is the normal US appearance of the renal sinus in a renal transplant?
Hyper echoic
What is the normal US appearance of the renal cortex in a renal transplant?
Hypo echoic
Are the renal pyramids prominent in a normal renal transplant?
Yes
What kind of resistant flow is demonstrated in a renal transplant?
Low
What is a normal RI for a renal transplant?
- 7 or less
- anything higher suggests rejection
What can the PSV be as high as in a normal renal trasnplant?
250cm/s
