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KaBoom > Urinary System - Part 10 > Flashcards

Urinary System - Part 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for renal vein thrombosis? (7)

A
  1. Malignancy
  2. Primary renal disease
  3. IVC obstruction
  4. Systemic lupus
    erythematosus
  5. Sickle cell anemia
  6. Amyloidosis
  7. Hypercoagulable
    state
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2
Q

What causes renal vein thrombosis? (4)

A
  1. Renal disease
  2. Surgery
  3. Trauma
  4. Dehydration
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3
Q

What are the clinical findings for renal vein thrombosis? (5)

A
  1. Flank pain
  2. Hematuria
  3. Hypertension
  4. Proteinuria
  5. Azotemia
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4
Q

What is the US appearance for renal vein thrombosis? (4)

A
  1. Increase in vein diameter
  2. Hypo echoic or complex echoes
    within the renal vein
  3. Continuous, minimal, or absent intraluminal venous flow
  4. Enlarged kidney
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5
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for renal vein thrombosis?

A
  1. Renal vein tumour extension
  2. Improper gain or focal zone settings
  3. Improper Doppler settings or angle
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6
Q

What are the causes for renal vein tumour extension? (3)

A
  1. Renal carcinoma
  2. Renal lymphoma
  3. Nephroblastoma
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7
Q

What is the US appearance for renal vein tumour extension? (4)

A
  1. Increase in vein diameter
  2. Echogenic mass within the renal vein
  3. Vascular flow within the mass
  4. Continuous, minimal, or absent intraluminal venous flow
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8
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for renal vein tumour extension? (3)

A
  1. Renal vein thrombosis
  2. Improper gain or focal zone settings
  3. Improper Doppler settings or angle
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9
Q

Renal dialysis

A

Is a process of diffusing blood across a membrane to remove substances a normal kidney would eliminate

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10
Q

What can renal dialysis restore? (2)

A
  1. Electrolytes

2. Acid-base balance

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11
Q

What do renal dialysis patients have an increased incidence of developing? (3)

A
  1. Renal cyst
  2. Renal adenoma
  3. Renal carcinoma
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12
Q

Where is a transplanted kidney normally placed?

A

In the anterior right iliac fossa

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13
Q

During a renal transplant what is the renal artery anastomosed to?

A

The ipsilateral internal iliac artery

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14
Q

During a renal transplant what is the renal vein anastomosed to?

A

The ipsilateral external iliac vein

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15
Q

Where is the ureter implanted into on the urinary bladder?

A

The superior portion

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16
Q

What does the fat from around the bladder that is placed on the ureter acts as?

A

A valve

17
Q

What are renal transplant complications? (8)

A
  1. Renal artery stenosis
  2. Renal artery thrombosis
  3. Primary renal vein thrombosis
  4. Secondary renal vein thrombosis
  5. Hematoma
  6. Urinoma
  7. Lymphocele
  8. Abscess
18
Q

What does a hematoma look like on US when it is acute?

A

Hypo echoic

19
Q

What does a hematoma look like on US when it is subacute?

A

Complex

20
Q

What does a hematoma look like on US when it is chronic?

A

Anechoic

21
Q

When can a urinoma occur after a renal transplant?

A

In the first few weeks

22
Q

Where is a lymphocele usually found?

A

Medial to the transplant

23
Q

When can an abscess occur after a renal transplant?

A

In the first few weeks

24
Q

What is the normal US appearance of the renal sinus in a renal transplant?

A

Hyper echoic

25
Q

What is the normal US appearance of the renal cortex in a renal transplant?

A

Hypo echoic

26
Q

Are the renal pyramids prominent in a normal renal transplant?

A

Yes

27
Q

What kind of resistant flow is demonstrated in a renal transplant?

A

Low

28
Q

What is a normal RI for a renal transplant?

A
  1. 7 or less

- anything higher suggests rejection

29
Q

What can the PSV be as high as in a normal renal trasnplant?

A

250cm/s

KaBoom (81 decks)

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