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KaBoom > Urinary System - Part 11 > Flashcards

Urinary System - Part 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the baldder?

A
  1. Serosa
  2. Muscle
  3. Mucosa
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2
Q

What is the normal thickness of the bladder when it is distended?

A

3mm

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3
Q

What is the normal thickness of the bladder when it is empty?

A

5mm

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4
Q

Which bladder is more thick, infants or adults?

A

Infants

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5
Q

What should post void residual not exceed?

A

20mL

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6
Q

Where do the ureters meet the bladder?

A

At the trigone

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7
Q

What is the normal US appearance of the bladder?

A

Anechoic fluid-filled structure located in the pelvic midline

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8
Q

What is the normal US appearance of the ureters?

A

Small echogenic protuberances on the posterior aspect of

the bladder

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9
Q

What causes bladder exstrophy?

A

Failure of the mesoderm to form over the lower abdomen

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10
Q

When is bladder exstrophy typically discovered?

A

In utero

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11
Q

What is the US appearance of bladder exstrophy? (3)

A
  1. Lower anterior abdominal wall defect 2. Mass protruding from this defect
  2. Normal bladder not identified
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12
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for bladder exstrophy?

A
  1. Omphalocele
  2. Inguinal hernia
  3. Umbilical hernia
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13
Q

What causes bladder diverticulum?

A

Bladder wall muscle weakness

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14
Q

What are the clinical findings of bladder diverticulum? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Urinary tract infection
  3. Pelvic pain
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15
Q

What is the US appearance for bladder diverticulum? (3)

A
  1. Anechoic pedunculation of the urinary bladder
  2. Neck of diverticulum is small
  3. May enlarge when bladder contracts
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16
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for bladder diverticulum?

A
  1. Ovarian cyst

2. Fluid-filled bowel 3. Ascites

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17
Q

Bladder ureterocele

A

Congenital obstruction of the ureteric orifice

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18
Q

What are the clinical findings for bladder ureterocele? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. UIT

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19
Q

What is the US appearance for bladder ureterocele?

A

Hyper echoic septation seen within the bladder at the ureteric orifice
- demonstrated when urine enters the bladder

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20
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for bladder ureterocele?

A
  1. Artifact
  2. Bladder tumour
  3. Catheter balloon
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21
Q

What are the clinical findings for urachal sinus? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Fluid draining from the umbilicus

22
Q

What is the US appearance for urachal sinus?

A

Linear tubular structure extending from the apex of the urinary bladder to the umbilicus

23
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for urachal sinus?

A
  1. Rectus abdominis hematoma

2. Subcutaneous fat

24
Q

What causes bladder calculus?

A

Urinary stasis

25
Q

What are the clinical findings for bladder calculus? (4)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Hematuria
  3. Urinary frequency and urgency
  4. Recurrent UTI’s
26
Q

What is the US appearance for bladder calculus? (3)

A
  1. Hyper echoic focus within the urinary bladder
  2. Posterior acoustic shadowing
  3. Mobile with patient position change
27
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for bladder calculus?

A
  1. Intestinal air

2. Calcified vessel

28
Q

What are the clinical findings for cystitis? (3)

A
  1. Dysuria
  2. Urinary frequency
  3. Leukocytosis
29
Q

What is the US appearance for cystitis? (2)

A
  1. Increase in bladder wall thickness

2. Mobile internal echoes

30
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for cystitis?

A
  1. Bladder sludge

2. Hematuria

31
Q

What is a clinical finding for bladder sludge?

A

Asymptomatic

32
Q

What is the US appearance for bladder sludge? (2)

A
  1. Homogeneous low-level echoes

2. Mobile with patient position change

33
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for bladder sludge?

A
  1. Cystitis

2. Hematuria

34
Q

What can lead to bladder malignancy?

A

TCC

35
Q

What are the clinical findings for bladder malignancy? (3)

A
  1. Painless hematuria 2. Frequent urination 3. Dysuria
36
Q

What is the US appearance for bladder malignancy? (3)

A
  1. Echogenic mass
  2. Irregular margins
  3. Immobile with patient position change Internal vascular blood flow
37
Q

What are 4 differential diagnosis for bladder malignancy?

A
  1. Benign tumour
  2. Bladder sludge
  3. Ureterocele
  4. Metastatic tumour
38
Q

What causes a bladder polyp?

A

Papilloma

39
Q

What are the clinical findings for a bladder polyp? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Frequent urination

40
Q

What is the US appearance for a bladder polyp? (3)

A
  1. Echogenic intraluminal mass
  2. Smooth margins
  3. Immobile with patient position change Internal vascular flow
41
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a bladder polyp?

A
  1. Malignant tumour
  2. Bladder sludge
  3. Ureterocele
42
Q

Which structures is considered the basic functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

43
Q

Which condition is most likely to mimic a duplicated urinary system?

A

Hypertrophied column of Bertin

44
Q

What are dialysis patients at an increased risk for developing?

A

Renal carcinoma

45
Q

Which renal structures is composed of blood vessels or nerve fibers?

A

Glomerulus

46
Q

A patient complaining of sharp, severe flank pain radiating to the groin is describing?

A

Renal colic

47
Q

43-year-old female patient presents to the ultrasound department complaining of right flank pain and dysuria. A generalized swelling of the kidney is demonstrated. The medullary pyramids appear well defined. This is most suspicious for?

A

Pyelonephritis

48
Q

Which patient positions is typically used for renal biopsy procedures?

A

Prone

49
Q

Fibromuscular hyperplasia is most commonly associated with stenosis in which renal arteries?

A

Main renal artery

50
Q

Renal artery stenosis is suggested after the peak systolic velocity exceeds?

A

180cm/s

KaBoom (81 decks)

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