Urinary System - Part 6 Flashcards
What is found in over 50% of patients over the age of 55?
Simple cysts
What are the clinical findings of a simple cyst?
Asymptomatic
What is the US appearance for a simple cyst? (4)
- Anechoic mass
- Hyper echoic thin walls
- Smooth margins
- Posterior acoustic
enhancement
What are 2 differential diagnosis for a simple cyst?
- Liver cyst
2. Adrenal cyst
Where does a parapelvic cyst originate from?
Renal parenchyma
What are the clinical findings for a parapelvic cyst? (3)
- Asymptomatic
- Hypertension
- Hematuria
What is the US appearance for a parapelvic cyst? (4)
- Anechoic mass located in the renal hilum
- Hyper echoic thin walls
- Smooth margins
- Posterior acoustic
enhancement
What are 4 differential diagnosis for a parapelvic cyst?
- Hydronephrosis
- Renal vein
- Extrarenal pelvis
- Renal artery aneurysm
Does a parapelvic cyst communicate with the collecting system?
No
Where does a peripelvic cyst develop from? (2)
- Lymphatic system
2. An obstruction
What are the clinical findings of a peripelvic cyst?
Asymptomatic
What is the US appearance of a peripelvic cyst? (4)
- Anechoic mass located near or around the renal pelvis
- Hyper echoic thin walls
- Smooth margins
- Posterior acoustic
enhancement
What are 2 differential diagnosis for a peripelvic cyst?
- Prominent renal pyramid
2. Localized hydronephrosis
Where is adult polycystic kidney disease caused from?
Inherited disorder
Adult polycystic kidney disease
Normal renal parenchyma is
replaced with cysts
What does adult polycystic kidney disease increase the incidence of? (2)
- Renal calculi
2. Infection
What are the clinical findings of adult polycystic kidney disease? (7)
- Asymptomatic
- Palpable abdominal mass
- Hypertension
- Hematuria
- Colicky pain
- Elevated BUN and
creatinine - Renal failure
What is the US appearance for adult polycystic kidney disease? (5)
- Bilateral disease
- Multiple cysts
- Irregular margins
- Normal renal parenchyma
may not be visualized 5. Associated cysts in liver, pancreas, and spleen
What are 2 differential diagnosis for adult polycystic kidney disease?
- Multiple simple cysts
2. Hydronephrosis
What is the cause of a childhood polycystic kidney disease?
Inherited disorder
What are the clinical findings for childhood polycystic kidney disease? (5)
- Palpable abdominal mass
- Hypertension
- Hematuria
- Colicky pain
- Renal failure
What is the US appearance for childhood polycystic kidney disease? (2)
- Bilateral disease
2. Hyper echoic enlarged kidneys
What are 2 differential diagnosis for childhood polycystic kidney disease?
- Chronic renal failure
2. Renal sinus lipomatosis
Which kidney is more commonly affected with multicystic dysplasia?
Left kidney
What kind of disorder is multicystic dysplasia?
Noninherited disorder
What is the cause of multicystic dysplasia?
Urinary obstruction in early embryology
Is multicystic dysplasia more common in males or females?
Males
Who is more likely to develop multicystic dysplasia?
Infants of diabetic mothers
What are the clinical findings for multicystic dysplasia? (4)
- Asymptomatic
- Palpable abdominal mass
- Flank pain
- Hypertension
What is the US appearance for multicystic dysplasia? (4)
- Unilateral disease
- Numerous cysts of variable shape and size
- Associated with
ureteropelvic junction obstruction and malrotation - Normal renal parenchyma may not be visualized
What are 2 differential diagnosis for multicystic dysplasia?
- Multiple simple cysts
2. Hydronephrosis
