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KaBoom > Neck - Part 4 > Flashcards

Neck - Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine

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2
Q

What is the normal range for thyroxine?

A

4.5-12ug/dL

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3
Q

What does T4 do?

A

Stimulates consumption of oxygen

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4
Q

What is thyroxine secreted by?

A

Follicular cells of the thyroid

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5
Q

What is T4 controlled by?

A

Thyrotropin

- TSH

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6
Q

What amount of iodine needs to be ingested per week for normal thyroxine production?

A

100-200mg

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7
Q

What is decrease of T4 associated with? (2)

A
  1. Thyroid disease

2. Nonfunctioning pituitary gland

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8
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine

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9
Q

What is the normal range for triiodothyronine?

A

70-190ng/dL

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10
Q

What does T3 do?

A

Regulates tissue metabolism

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11
Q

What is decreased amounts of triiodothyronine associated with?

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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12
Q

What is the normal range for calcitonin?

A

< 100pg/mL

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13
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

Lowers calcium and phosphorus concentration in the blood

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14
Q

What does calcitonin inhibit?

A

Bone resorption

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15
Q

What is calcitonin secreted by?

A

Parafollicular cells

- C-cells of the thyroid gland

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16
Q

What is elevated amounts of calcitonin associated with?

A

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

17
Q

What are decrease levels of calcitonin associated with? (2)

A
  1. Surgical removal of the thyroid glands

2. Nonfunctioning thyroid glands

18
Q

PTH

A

Parathormone

- parathyroid hormone

19
Q

What is the normal range of parathormone?

A

12-68pg/mL

20
Q

What does PTH do?

A

Regulates calcium metabolism in conjunction with calcitonin

21
Q

Why is parathormone released in response to?

A

To low extracellular concentration of free calcium

22
Q

What is elevation of PTH associated with?

A

Hyperparathyroidism

23
Q

What is the normal range of calcium?

A

8.5-10.5mg/dL

24
Q

What does calcium aid in?

A

The transportation of nutrients through the cell membranes

25
Q

What is elevation of calcium associated with? (3)

A
  1. hyperparathyroidism
  2. Hyperthyroidism
  3. Malignancy
26
Q

What levels of calcium is considered life threatening?

27
Q

What are decrease levels of calcium associated with? (2)

A
  1. Nonfunctioning parathyroid glands

2. Surgical removal of the parathyroid glands

28
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Hyperactivity of the thyroid gland

29
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism? (9)

A
  1. Nervousness
  2. Exophthalmos
  3. Tremors
  4. Constant hunger
  5. Weight loss
  6. Heat intolerance
  7. Palpitations
  8. Increased heart rate
  9. Diarrhea
30
Q

What are the causes of hyperthyroidism? (3)

A
  1. Toxic adenoma
  2. Graves disease
  3. Trophoblastic tumours
31
Q

What can happen if hyperthyroidism goes untreated?

A

May lead to cardiac failure

32
Q

What is the percentage of thyroid nodules that are benign?

33
Q

What is the percentage of thyroid nodules that are cysts?

34
Q

What is the percentage of thyroid nodules that are malignant?

KaBoom (81 decks)

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