Retroperitoneum - Part 6

Question 1

Myxoma

Answer 1

A neoplasm consisting of connective tissue

Question 2

Where is myxoma located?

Answer 2

Subcutaneous, retroperitoneal, cardiac, and urinary in location

Question 3

What is the US appearance of myxoma?

Answer 3

1. Complex or echogenic mass

2. Lobulated or smooth wall margins

Question 4

What are 5 differential diagnosis of myxoma?

Answer 4

1. Fibroma
2. Lipoma
3. Mesothelioma
4. Lymphadenopathy
5. Horseshoe kidney

Question 5

Teratoma

Answer 5

A neoplasm composed of different types of tissues that do not occur together or at the site of the tumour

Question 6

What is the US appearance of a teratoma?

Answer 6

Complex mass

Question 7

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a teratoma?

Answer 7

1. Leiomyosarcoma
2. Abscess
3. Myxoma

Question 8

Fibrosarcoma

Answer 8

A sarcoma containing fibrous connective tissues

Question 9

What is the US appearance of a fibrosarcoma? (2)

Answer 9

1. Hypo echoic or complex mass

2. May infiltrate surrounding structures

Question 10

What are 4 differential diagnosis of a fibrosarcoma?

Answer 10

1. Lymphadenopathy
2. Retroperitoneal fibrosis
3. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
4. Horseshoe kidney

Question 11

Leiomyosarcoma

Answer 11

A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle

Question 12

What is the US appearance of leiomyosarcoma? (2)

Answer 12

1. Echogenic or complex mass
2. Cystic areas of necrosis may be
   demonstrated

Question 13

What are 3 differential diagnosis of a leiomyosarcoma?

Answer 13

1. Teratoma

2. Rhabdomyosarcoma 3. Retroperitoneal abscess

Question 14

Liposarcoma

Answer 14

A malignant growth of fat cells

Question 15

What is the most common retroperitoneal neoplasm?

Answer 15

Liposarcoma

Question 16

What is the US appearance of a liposarcoma? (3)

Answer 16

1. Hyper echoic mass
2. Thick wall margins
3. May infiltrate surrounding tissues

Question 17

What are 4 differential diagnosis of a liposarcoma?

Answer 17

1. Lipoma
2. Fibroma
3. Rhabdomyosarcoma
4. Mesothelioma

Question 18

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer 18

A highly malignant tumour derived from striated muscle

Question 19

What is the US appearance of a rhabdomyosarcoma? (2)

Answer 19

1. Hyper echoic

2. Complex mass

Question 20

What are 4 differential diagnosis of a rhabdomyosarcoma?

Answer 20

1. Teratoma
2. Liposarcoma
3. Fibrosarcoma
4. Leiomyosarcoma

Question 21

Which of the hormones modifies the body’s response to inflammation?

Answer 21

Glucocorticoids

Question 22

A malignant neoplasm derived from striated muscle describes a?

Answer 22

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 23

What is bilateral adrenal hyperplasia associated with?

Answer 23

Cushing disease

Question 24

What is the most common neoplasm to develop in the retroperitoneum?

Answer 24

Liposarcoma

Question 25

An enlarged irregular lymph node demonstrating a round appearance is most consistent with an underlying, what?

Answer 25

Infection

Question 26

Benign adrenal pathology associated with hypertension, tachycardia, and palpitations is most consistent with which of the following pathologies?

Answer 26

Pheochromocytoma

Question 27

Where are visceral lymph nodes?

Answer 27

In the peritoneum

Question 28

Which conditions is a predisposing factor for development of an adrenal adenoma?

Answer 28

Diabetes mellitus

Question 29

What is an adrenal cyst considered?

Answer 29

Rare finding

Question 30

A condition caused by complete or partial failure of the adrenocortical function describes?

Answer 30

Addison disease

Question 31

Which abnormality is the most likely complication of retroperitoneal fibrosis?

Answer 31

Hydronephrosis

Question 32

What is an abnormal growth of epithelial cells is demonstrated in?

Answer 32

Mesothelioma

Question 33

What component is a major factor in determining blood volume?

Answer 33

Sodium

Question 34

What hormone is produced by the pituitary gland?

Answer 34

ACTH