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KaBoom > Abdominal Vasculature - Part 5 > Flashcards

Abdominal Vasculature - Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications for an abdominal aorta US? (10)

A
  1. Pulsatile abdominal mass
  2. Family history of abdominal aortic aneurysm
  3. Hypertension
  4. Abdominal pain
  5. Lower back pain
  6. History of arteriosclerosis
  7. Severe postprandial pain
  8. Pulmonary embolism
  9. Liver disease
  10. Evaluate mass from previous medical imaging study
    - eg) CT
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2
Q

Aneurysm

A

Weakening of the arterial wall

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3
Q

What happens to the vessel walls with an aneurysm?

A

All layers of the artery are stretched but intact

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4
Q

When are aneurysms more rare?

A

In patients less than 50 years

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5
Q

Are aneurysms more common in males or females?

A

Males

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6
Q

What is considered a normal growth rate for an aneurysm?

A

Growth rate of 2mm/year is average and considered normal up to 5mm/year

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7
Q

What size is the aorta when there is an aneurysm?

A

When is exceeds 3.0cm in diameter

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8
Q

What size is the common iliac artery when there is an aneurysm?

A

When is exceeds 2.0cm in diameter

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9
Q

What size is the popliteal artery when there is an aneurysm?

A

When is exceeds 1.0cm in diameter

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10
Q

What is 25% of popliteal aneurysms associated with?

A

Abdominal aortic

aneurysm

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11
Q

Arterial stenosis

A

Narrowing or constriction of an artery

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12
Q

What is an arterial stenosis caused by? (3)

A
  1. Atherosclerosis
  2. Arteriosclerosis
  3. Fibrointimal hyperplasia
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13
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Pathologic thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls

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14
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of lipids and cellular debris in the medial and intimal layers of the arterial walls

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15
Q

Pseudoaneurysm

A

Dilatation of an artery caused by damage to one or more layers of the artery as a result of trauma or aneurysm rupture

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16
Q

What is the most common cause and an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A

Arteriosclerosis

17
Q

What are other causes of an abdominal aortic aneurysm? (3)

A
  1. Infection
  2. Hypertension
  3. Family history
18
Q

What are the clinical findings of an abdominal aortic aneurysm? (5)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Pulsatile abdominalmass
  3. Back and/or leg pain
  4. Abdominal pain
  5. Abdominal bruit
19
Q

What is the US appearance of an abdominal aortic aneurysm? (6)

A
  1. Typically fusiform-shaped dilatation of the aorta
  2. Saccular dilatation of the aorta may be demonstrated
  3. Diameter of 3cm or greater
  4. Vessel becomes tortuous 5. Wall calcifications
  5. Intramural thrombus
20
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A
  1. Lymphadenopathy 2. Retroperitoneal tumour

3. Dissection

21
Q

What are the causes of a dissecting aneurysm? (5)

A
  1. Extension of a dissecting thoracic aneurysm
  2. Hypertension
  3. Marfan syndrome
  4. Idiopathic
  5. Trauma
22
Q

What are the clinical findings of a dissecting aneurysm? (4)

A
  1. Sharp chest or abdominal pain
  2. Audible bruit
  3. Headache
  4. Shock
23
Q

What is the US appearance of a dissecting aneurysm? (3)

A
  1. Thin hyper echoic membrane within the aorta
  2. Membrane flaps with arterial pulsations
  3. Doppler demonstrates opposite flow direction between the membrane during diastole
24
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for dissecting aneurysm?

A
  1. Chronic intraluminal thrombus

2. Postsurgical repair

25
Q

What causes an ectatic aneurysm?

A

Weakening of the arterial wall

26
Q

What is a clinical find of an ectatic aneurysm?

A

Asymptomatic

27
Q

What is the US appearance of an ectatic aneurysm? (2)

A
  1. Dilatation of the aorta when compared with a more proximal segment
  2. Dilatation measures less than 3cm in diameter
28
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of an ectatic aneurysm?

A
  1. Tortuous artery

2. Technical error

29
Q

What is a cause of mycotic aneurysm?

A

Bacterial infection

30
Q

What are clinical findings of mycotic aneurysm? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Abdominal pain 3. Pulsatile abdominal mass

31
Q

What is the US appearance of mycotic aneurysm? (2)

A
  1. Typically saccular-shaped dilatation of the aorta

2. Asymmetrical wall thickening

32
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm?

A
  1. Lymphadenopathy 2. Retroperitoneal tumour

3. Intramural thrombus

33
Q

What is a cause of a pseudoaneurysm?

A

Trauma to the arterial wall permits the escape of blood into the surrounding tissues

34
Q

What is the most common complication of an aortic graft?

A

Pseudoaneurysm

35
Q

What are clinical findings of a pseudoaneurysm? (3)

A
  1. Pulsatile mass
  2. Focal pain
  3. Bruising
36
Q

What is the US appearance for a pseudoaneurysm? (3)

A
  1. Fluid collection communicating with an artery
  2. Doppler will demonstrate
    turbulent swirling blood flow within the fluid collection
  3. To and fro blood flow pattern is demonstrated in the neck of the aneurysm
37
Q

What are 4 differential diagnosis for a pseudoaneurysm?

A
  1. Hematoma
  2. Lymphadenopathy
  3. Aneurysm
  4. Arteriovenous fistula

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