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KaBoom > Scrotum and Prostate - Part 5 > Flashcards

Scrotum and Prostate - Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes a hematocele? (2)

A
  1. Trauma

2. Ruptured varicocele

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2
Q

What are the clinical findings of a hematocele? (2)

A
  1. Scrotal pain

2. Scrotal mass

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3
Q

What is the US appearance of hematocele? (2)

A
  1. Anechoic with swirling echoes

2. Thickened wall with septations when chronic

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4
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of a hematocele?

A
  1. Chronic hydrocele
  2. Loculated hydrocele
  3. Testicular torsion
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5
Q

What causes a hernia?

A

Weak abdominal wall muscles

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6
Q

Where can inguinal hernias extend into?

A

Into the scrotum

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7
Q

What are the clinical findings of a hernia? (2)

A
  1. Scrotal mass

2. Abdominal pain

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8
Q

What is the US appearance of a hernia? (3)

A
  1. Complex extratesticular mass
  2. Mass can be traced to the inguinal canal
  3. Peristalsis may be noted
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9
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of a hernia?

A
  1. Testicular torsion

2. Hematocele

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10
Q

What causes a hydrocele? (3)

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Idiopathic
  3. Congenital
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11
Q

What is a hydrocele associated with a hydrocele? (3)

A
  1. Torsion
  2. Trauma
  3. Malignancy
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12
Q

What are the clinical findings of a hydrocele? (4)

A
  1. Enlarged scrotum
  2. Asymptomatic
  3. Scrotal mass
  4. Scrotal pain
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13
Q

What is the US appearance of a hydrocele? (5)

A
  1. Anechoic fluid collection lateral and anterior to the testis
  2. Strong posterior acoustic enhancement
  3. Thin scrotal wall when acute
  4. Diffuse wall thickening when chronic
  5. May demonstrate internal echoes or septations
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14
Q

What are 4 differential diagnosis of a hydrocele?

A
  1. Epididymal cyst
  2. Spermatocele
  3. Hematocele
  4. Hernia
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15
Q

What are causes of a varicocele? (2)

A
  1. Idiopathic
  2. Incompetent valves in the
    spermatic vein
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16
Q

What are the clinical findings for a varicocele? (4)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Infertility
  3. Tender scrotal
    mass
  4. Scrotal ache
17
Q

What is the US appearance for a varicocele? (2)

A
  1. Tortuous venous structures exceeding 4mm in diameter

2. Veins increase in size with Valsalva maneuver or while patient is standing

18
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for a varicocele?

A
  1. Loculated hydrocele

2. Epididymal cyst

19
Q

What is the most common place for the location of a varicocele?

A

On the left and in the inferior portion of the scrotum

20
Q

What is the most common benign tumour of the epididymis?

A

Adenomatoid tumour

21
Q

What is a clinical finding of a adenomatoid tumour?

A

Asymptomatic

22
Q

What is the US appearance of a adenomatoid tumour? (2)

A
  1. Variable echogenicity from hypo to hyper echoic
  2. Small in size
    - less than 2cm
23
Q

What is a differential diagnosis of a adenomatoid tumour?

A

Focal epididymitis

24
Q

What is a cause of a epididymal cyst?

A

Vasectomy

25
Q

What are the clinical findings of an epididymal cyst? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Palpable scrotal mass

26
Q

What is the US appearance of an epididymal cyst? (2)

A
  1. Anechoic mass in the epididymis

2. Compression of the testis

27
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of an epididymal cyst?

A
  1. Spermatocele
  2. Loculated hydrocele
  3. Varicocele
28
Q

What are the causes of epididymitis? (3)

A
  1. Lower urinary infection
  2. Idiopathic
  3. Trauma
29
Q

What are the clinical findings of epididymitis? (5)

A
  1. Acute scrotal pain 2. Swelling
  2. Leukocytosis
  3. Fever
  4. Dysuria
30
Q

What is the US appearance of epididymitis? (4)

A
  1. Enlarged hypo echoic epididymis
  2. Hypervascular epididymis
  3. Hyper echoic with calcifications when chronic
  4. Small cysts may be visualized
31
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of epididymitis?

A
  1. Testicular torsion

2. Varicocele

32
Q

What are the causes of spermatocele? (4)

A
  1. Retention cyst arising from the rete testis
  2. Idiopathic
  3. Infection
  4. Trauma
33
Q

What are the clinical findings of a spermatocele? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Palpable scrotal mass

34
Q

What is the US appearance of a spermatocele? (4)

A
  1. Anechoic mass lying superior to the testis
  2. Round or oval in shape
  3. Does not compress testis
  4. Generally solitary
35
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of a spermatocele?

A
  1. Loculated hydrocele

2. Epididymal cyst

KaBoom (81 decks)

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