Abdominal Vasculature - Part 1

Question 1

Arteriovenous fistula

Answer 1

An abnormal connection between an artery and vein

Question 2

What is arteriovenous fistula also known as?

Answer 2

Arteriovenous shunting

Question 3

Berry aneurysm

Answer 3

Small saccular aneurysms primarily affecting the cerebral arteries

Question 4

Dissecting aneurysm

Answer 4

A result of a tear in the intimal lining of the artery, creating a false lumen within the media
- this false lumen allows blood to dissect the media and adventitia layers

Question 5

Ectatic aneurysm

Answer 5

Dilatation of an artery when compared with a more proximal segment

Question 6

Fusiform aneurysm

Answer 6

Characterized by a uniform dilatation of the arterial walls

Question 7

What is the most common type of abdominal aortic aneurysm?

Answer 7

Fusiform aneurysm

Question 8

Mycotic aneurysm

Answer 8

A saccular dilatation of a blood vessel caused by a bacterial infection

Question 9

Pseudoaneurysm

Answer 9

Dilatation of an artery as a result of damage to one or more layers of the arterial wall caused by trauma or aneurysm rupture

Question 10

What is a pseudoaneurysm also known as?

Answer 10

Pulsatile hematoma

Question 11

Saccular aneurysm

Answer 11

Dilatation of an artery characterized by a focal outpouching of one arterial wall

Question 12

What is a saccular aneurysm most commonly caused by? (2)

Answer 12

1. Trauma

2. Infection

Question 13

What are the functions of the vascular system? (A, V, C) (4)

Answer 13

1. Arteries and arterioles carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
2. Veins and venules carry blood toward the heart
3. Capillaries connect the arterial and venous systems
4. Capillaries exchange nutrients and wastes

Question 14

What are the difference between veins and arteries? (4)

Answer 14

1. Veins have thinner walls
2. Veins are less elastic
3. Veins are more phasic
4. Veins carry blood towards the heart

Question 15

What are the 3 layers of vessel walls?

Answer 15

1. Tunica adventitia
2. Tunica media
3. Tunica intima

Question 16

What layer is the tunica adventitia?

Answer 16

The outer layer

Question 17

What layer is the tunica media?

Answer 17

The middle muscular layer

Question 18

What does the tunica media help with?

Answer 18

Helps to regulate blood flow by controlling the vessel-wall diameter

Question 19

What layer is the tunica intima?

Answer 19

The inner layer

Question 20

Where does the abdominal aorta originate?

Answer 20

At the diaphragm

Question 21

What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into?

Answer 21

The right and left common iliac arteries

Question 22

What happens to the aorta as it courses anterior and inferior in the abdomen?

Answer 22

It tapers

Question 23

What are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 23

Common iliac arteries

Question 24

What do the common iliac artery bifurcate into?

Answer 24

External and internal iliac arteries

Question 25

What does the external iliac artery become after it passes the inguinal ligament?

Answer 25

Common femoral artery

Question 26

What does the internal iliac artery bifurcate into?

Answer 26

Anterior and posterior division

Question 27

What are the main visceral branches of the abdominal aorta? (6)

Answer 27

1. Celiac axis
2. SMA
3. Middle suprarenal arteries
4. Main renal arteries
5. Gonadal arteries
6. Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 28

What is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 28

Celiac axis

Question 29

Where does the celiac axis arise from?

Answer 29

The anterior aspect of the aorta

Question 30

What are the branches that come off of the celiac axis? (3)

Answer 30

1. Splenic artery
2. Left gastric artery
3. Common hepatic artery

Question 31

What kind of resistance is seen in the celiac axis?

Answer 31

Low resistance

- with continuous forward flow in diastole

Question 32

What happens to the celiac axis PSV after a meal?

Answer 32

It remains unchanged