Abdominal Vasculature - Part 1 Flashcards
Arteriovenous fistula
An abnormal connection between an artery and vein
What is arteriovenous fistula also known as?
Arteriovenous shunting
Berry aneurysm
Small saccular aneurysms primarily affecting the cerebral arteries
Dissecting aneurysm
A result of a tear in the intimal lining of the artery, creating a false lumen within the media
- this false lumen allows blood to dissect the media and adventitia layers
Ectatic aneurysm
Dilatation of an artery when compared with a more proximal segment
Fusiform aneurysm
Characterized by a uniform dilatation of the arterial walls
What is the most common type of abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Fusiform aneurysm
Mycotic aneurysm
A saccular dilatation of a blood vessel caused by a bacterial infection
Pseudoaneurysm
Dilatation of an artery as a result of damage to one or more layers of the arterial wall caused by trauma or aneurysm rupture
What is a pseudoaneurysm also known as?
Pulsatile hematoma
Saccular aneurysm
Dilatation of an artery characterized by a focal outpouching of one arterial wall
What is a saccular aneurysm most commonly caused by? (2)
- Trauma
2. Infection
What are the functions of the vascular system? (A, V, C) (4)
- Arteries and arterioles carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
- Veins and venules carry blood toward the heart
- Capillaries connect the arterial and venous systems
- Capillaries exchange nutrients and wastes
What are the difference between veins and arteries? (4)
- Veins have thinner walls
- Veins are less elastic
- Veins are more phasic
- Veins carry blood towards the heart
What are the 3 layers of vessel walls?
- Tunica adventitia
- Tunica media
- Tunica intima
What layer is the tunica adventitia?
The outer layer
What layer is the tunica media?
The middle muscular layer
What does the tunica media help with?
Helps to regulate blood flow by controlling the vessel-wall diameter
What layer is the tunica intima?
The inner layer
Where does the abdominal aorta originate?
At the diaphragm
What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into?
The right and left common iliac arteries
What happens to the aorta as it courses anterior and inferior in the abdomen?
It tapers
What are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta?
Common iliac arteries
What do the common iliac artery bifurcate into?
External and internal iliac arteries
What does the external iliac artery become after it passes the inguinal ligament?
Common femoral artery
What does the internal iliac artery bifurcate into?
Anterior and posterior division
What are the main visceral branches of the abdominal aorta? (6)
- Celiac axis
- SMA
- Middle suprarenal arteries
- Main renal arteries
- Gonadal arteries
- Inferior mesenteric artery
What is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta?
Celiac axis
Where does the celiac axis arise from?
The anterior aspect of the aorta
What are the branches that come off of the celiac axis? (3)
- Splenic artery
- Left gastric artery
- Common hepatic artery
What kind of resistance is seen in the celiac axis?
Low resistance
- with continuous forward flow in diastole
What happens to the celiac axis PSV after a meal?
It remains unchanged
