Spleen - Part 4 Flashcards
What causes a splenic rupture? (3)
- Trauma
- Splenomegaly
- Infectious disorder
What are the clinical findings for a splenic rupture? (5)
- LUQ pain
- Tachycardia
- Palpable mass
- Abdominal pain
- Decrease in
hematocrit
What is the US appearance for a splenic rupture? (3)
- Hypo echoic or complex mass
- May demonstrate posterior acoustic enhancement
- Subcapsular rupture appears as a crescent-shaped fluid collection
What are 3 differential diagnosis for a splenic rupture?
- Recent splenic infarction
- Abscess
- Cyst
What are the clinical findings for hemangiosarcoma? (4)
- Anemia is most common
- LUQ pain
- Leukocytosis
- Weight loss
What is the US appearance for a hemangiosarcoma? (2)
- Hyper echoic or complex mass
2. Frequently metastasizes to the liver
What are 3 differential diagnosis for hemangiosarcoma?
- Abscess
- Hematoma
- Cavernous hemangioma
Leukemia
Proliferation of white blood cells
What are the clinical findings for leukemia? (7)
- Lymphadenopathy
- Palpable spleen
- Joint pain
- Weakness
- Fever
- Elevated WBC
- Anemia
What is the US appearance for leukemia? (3)
- Splenomegaly
- Diffuse increase in parenchyma echogenicity
- Hypo echoic or hyper echoic nodules
What are 3 differential diagnosis for leukemia?
- Hematoma
- Lymphoma
- Metastases
Lymphoma
Malignant disorder involving the lymphoreticular system
What are the 2 types of lymphoma?
- Hodgkin’s
2. Non-Hodgkin’s
What are the clinical findings for lymphoma? (6)
- Lymphadenopathy
- Anemia
- Unexplained fever
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Decrease in WBC count
What is the US appearance for lymphoma? (3)
- Hypo echoic splenic masses
- Ill-defined margins 3. May demonstrate
splenomegaly
What are 2 differential diagnosis for lymphoma?
- Metastatic lesion
2. Hematoma
What is the most common metastases?
Melanoma
What is a clinical finding for metastases?
Asymptomatic
What is the US appearance for metastases? (2)
- Typically hypo echoic
2. Target lesions
What are 4 differential diagnosis for metastases?
- Multiple abscesses 2. Lymphoma
3. Splenic candidiasis 4. Leukemia
Where is the most common location of an accessory spleen?
Near the splenic hilum
Where should the gain settings be placed to demonstrate the normal spleen?
Isoechoic to the normal liver
What is the most common benign neoplasm of the spleen?
Cavernous hemangioma
What is the most common clinical finding associated with a hemangiosarcoma?
Anemia
Hemangiosarcoma involving the spleen frequently metastasizes to which organ?
Liver
Which splenic abnormality is most commonly linked to infective endocarditis?
Abscess
The splenic artery is a branch of which of the following vascular structures?
Celiac axis
What carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs?
Hb
Which splenic pathology is associated with granulomatosis?
Calcification
What splenic pathology is associated with a “wheel within a wheel” appearance on US?
Candidiasis
A patient arrives at the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. An abdominal US is most likely ordered to evaluate for which condition?
Hemoperitoneum
In cases of portal hypertension, which the splenic vein is most likely to shunt blood directly into?
Left renal vein
Normal Hb levels should not exceed?
20g/dL
