Superficial Structures - Part 5 Flashcards
Is a colloid carcinoma benign or malignant?
Malignant
What are the clinical findings for colloid carcinoma? (3)
- Asymptomatic
- Soft palpable breast
mass - Breast thickening
What is the US appearance for colloid carcinoma? (3)
- Solid hypo echoic breast mass
- Round in shape
- Smooth wall margins
What are 3 differential diagnosis for colloid carcinoma?
- Fibroadenoma
- Complex cyst
- Invasive ductal carcinoma
Is a medullary carcinoma benign or malignant?
Malignant
What are the clinical findings for medullary carcinoma? (3)
- Asymptomatic
- Soft palpable mass 3. Usually centrally
located
What is the US appearance for medullary carcinoma? (3)
- Solid hyper echoic breast mass
- Round or oval in shape
- Smooth to mildly irregular wall margins
What are the 4 differential diagnosis for medullary carcinoma?
- Fibroadenoma
- Fibrotic breast tissue
- Fibrosis
- Invasive ductal carcinoma
What are the clinical findings for metastatic breast disease?
- Asymptomatic
- Superficial breast mass
- Multiple masses
What is the US appearance for metastatic breast disease? (4)
- Discrete masses
- Heterogeneous low-level internal echoes
- Smooth wall margins 4. Usually found in the
subcutaneous tissue
What are 3 differential diagnosis for metastatic breast disease?
- Lipoma
- Enlarged lymph node
- Primary carcinoma
Is a papillary carcinoma benign or malignant?
Uncommonly malignant
What are the clinical findings of papillary carcinoma?
- Asymptomatic
- Bloody nipple
discharge
What is the US appearance for papillary carcinoma? (4)
- Solid mass most commonly located near the areola
- Well-defined borders
- Small in size
- Dilated ducts
What are 2 differential diagnosis for papillary carcinoma?
- Fibroadenoma
2. Complex cyst
What does the abdominal wall consist of?
- Fat
- Fascia
- Muscle
Where is the linea alba located?
Xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis
- midline tendon
Where is the linea alba located compared to the subcutaneous fat?
Posterior to it
Where is the rectus abdominis muscles located?
On either side of the linea alba
- extend the entire length of the anterior abdominal wall
What is each rectus abdominis muscle contained within?
A rectus sheath
Where is the external oblique muscles located?
Anterior to the internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles
Where is the internal oblique muscles located? (2)
- Posterior to the external oblique muscle
2. Anterior to the transverse abdominis muscle
What do the internal oblique muscles achieve with the help of the external muscles?
Side bends of the trunk
Where is the transverse abdominis muscle located? (2)
- Immediately posterior to the internal
2. External oblique muscles
What does the achilles tendon attach?
The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
What is the thickest tendon in the body?
Achilles tendon
What is the strongest tendon in the body?
Achilles tendon
What increases the risk for injury and difficulty in healing for the achilles tendon?
Limited blood supply
Where does the achilles tendon insert into?
The posterior surface of the calcaneus
What is the normal thickness of the achilles tendon?
5-7mm
What is the normal diameter of the achilles tendon?
12-15mm
What is normal of the achilles tendon in athletes?
It increases in size
Where is the hip joint?
Between the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Ball in socket
- synovial joint
