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KaBoom > GI Tract - Part 4 > Flashcards

GI Tract - Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertrophied pyloric stenosis

A

Marked thickening of the circular muscle fibers of the pylorus

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2
Q

Is hypertrophied pyloric stenosis more common in males or females?

A

Male

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3
Q

When is hypertrophied pyloric stenosis most common?

A

Between 2-10 weeks of age

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4
Q

What are the clinical findings for hypertrophied pyloric stenosis? (6)

A
  1. Projectile vomiting
  2. Weight loss or poor weight gain
  3. Decreased urination
  4. Palpable upper
    abdominal mass
    - olive sign
  5. Lethargy
  6. Change in stools
    - decrease in number and size
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5
Q

What is the US appearance for hypertrophied pyloric stenosis? (3)

A
  1. Pyloric wall thickness above 3-4mm
  2. Pyloric diameter exceeding 15mm
  3. Length of the pyloric canal exceeding 17mm
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6
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for hypertrophied pyloric stenosis?

A

Normal pyloric canal

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7
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign neoplasm of the smooth muscle

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8
Q

What is a clinical finding of leiomyoma?

A

Asymptomatic

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9
Q

What is the US appearance of leiomyoma? (2)

A
  1. Intraluminal solid gastric mass

2. Well-defined wall margins

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10
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of leiomyoma?

A
  1. Polyp
  2. Leiomyosarcoma
  3. Gastritis
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11
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of the smooth muscle

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12
Q

What are the clinical findings of leiomyosarcoma? (4)

A
  1. Asymptomatic 2. Epigastric pain 3. Decrease in appetite

4. Weight loss

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13
Q

What is the US appearance of leiomyosarcoma? (2)

A
  1. Intraluminal target lesion

2. May appear hypo echoic

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14
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma?

A
  1. Leiomyoma

2. Polyp

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15
Q

Polyp

A

Abnormal growth of the mucous membrane tissue

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16
Q

What is the most common tumour of the stomach?

17
Q

What is a clinical finding of a polyp?

A

Asymptomatic

18
Q

What is the US appearance of a polyp? (2)

A
  1. Hypo echoic lesion protruding from the gastric wall

2. Smooth wall margins

19
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of a polyp?

A
  1. Carcinoma
  2. Leiomyoma
  3. Gastritis
20
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Chronic inflammation of the intestines

21
Q

What are the clinical findings of Crohn’s disease? (6)

A
  1. Abdominal cramping
  2. Blood in stool
  3. Diarrhea
  4. Fever
  5. Decrease in appetite
  6. Weight loss
22
Q

What is the US appearance of Crohn’s disease? (4)

A
  1. Thick walled loops of bowel
  2. Matted loops of bowel
  3. Abscess formation
  4. Mesenteric
    lymphadenopathy
23
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of Crohn’s disease?

A
  1. Ileus

2. Diverticular abscess

24
Q

What are the causes of ileus? (6)

A
  1. Bowel obstruction 2. Peritonitis
  2. Renal colic
  3. Acute pancreatitis
  4. Bowel ischemia
  5. Neoplasm
25
Q

What are the clinical findings of ileus? (5)

A
  1. Abdominal pain
  2. Constipation
  3. Fever
  4. Nausea/vomiting
  5. Absence of bowel
    sounds
26
Q

What is the US appearance of ileus? (2)

A
  1. Distention of the small bowel with air or fluid

2. Hypoactive or absent peristalsis

27
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of ileus?

A
  1. Intussusception

2. Crohn disease

28
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of one part of the intestines into the lumen of an adjacent part

29
Q

What are the clinical findings of intussusception? (4)

A
  1. Abdominal pain
  2. Palpable mass 3. Vomiting
  3. Abnormal stools
30
Q

What is the US appearance for intussusception? (4)

A
  1. Edematous bowel
  2. Multiple circular rings “Donut sign” 3. Hypovascular intestinal wall
  3. Hypervascular
    mesentery
31
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of intussusception?

A
  1. Ileus

2. Crohn disease

32
Q

What are 2 types of lymphoma?

A
  1. Hodgkin’s

2. Non-Hodgkin’s

33
Q

What are the clinical findings of lymphoma? (8)

A
  1. Lymphadenopathy
  2. LUQ pain
  3. Fever
  4. Blood loss
  5. Leukopenia
  6. Weight loss
  7. Anorexia
  8. Abdominal mass
34
Q

What is the US appearance of lymphoma? (3)

A
  1. Irregular complex bowel mass
  2. Target sign
  3. Mesenteric
    lymphadenopathy
35
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of lymphoma?

A
  1. Lymphadenopathy
  2. Retroperitoneal
    pathology

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