Pancreas - Part 1 Flashcards
Ampulla of Vater
Opening in the duodenum for the entrance of the CBD
Annular pancreas
Anomaly caused by the failure of a normal regression of the left ventral bud
Cystic fibrosis
Autosomal recessive exocrine gland disorder where organs become clogged with mucus secreted by the exocrine glands
- involves the lungs
What is pancreatoduodenectomy also known as?
Whipple procedure
Whipple procedure
A surgical resection of the pancreatic head or periampullary area
- relieves obstruction of the biliary tree that is often caused by a malignant tumour
- the remaining normal pancreatic tissue is attached to the duodenum
Phlegmon
An extension of pancreatic inflammation into the peripancreatic tissues, resulting in an enlarged solid inflammatory mass with retroperitoneal fat necrosis
Sphincter of Oddi
A sheath of muscle fibers surrounding the distal common bile and pancreatic ducts as they cross the wall of the duodenum
What are the exocrine functions of the pancreas? (2)
- Highly digestive enzymes are secreted by the acinar cells and drain into the duodenum through the pancreatic ducts
- Chyme from the duodenum stimulates release of hormones that act on the pancreatic juices
Amylase
Breaks down carbohydrates
Lipase
Breaks down fats
Trypsin
Breaks down proteins into amino acids
Where is cholecystokinin produced?
In the duodenum
What is gastrin secreted by?
The stomach
Where is secretin produced?
In the duodenum
What does cholecystokinin do?
Stimulates secretion of pancreatic
enzymes and contraction of the GB
What does gastrin do? (2)
- Stimulates the secretion of gastric acids
- Stimulates
growth of mucosa of the exocrine pancreas
What does secretin do?
Stimulate secretion of sodium bicarbonate
What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?
Islet cells of Langerhans secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
What does it lead to if there is a failure to produce sufficient amount of insulin?
Diabetes mellitus
Is the pancreas a intra or retroperitoneal oragn?
Retroperitoneal
How long is the pancreas on average?
12-18cm
What is the most superior portion of the pancreas tail?
Tail
Where does the tail of the pancreas lay compared to the splenic vein?
Anterior and parallel to the vessel
Where does the tail of the pancreas lay compared to the kidney, stomach and spine?
- Kidney = anterior
- Stomach = posterior
- Spine = lateral
What is the largest portion of the pancreas?
Body
What is the most anterior aspect of the pancreas?
Body
What vessels does the pancreas body lie anterior to? (5)
- Aorta
- SMA
- SMV
- Splenic vein
- Left renal vein
What does directly anterior to the neck of the pancreas? (2)
- SMV
2. Portosplenic confluence
What is on the medial, lateral and anterior sides of the head of the pancreas?
- Medial = descending portion of the duodenum
- Lateral = SMV
- IVC
What does the head of the pancreas lie inferior to? (2)
- MPV
2. Hepatic artery
Where does the GDA lie on the pancreas head?
Anterolateral
Where does the CBD lie on the pancreas head?
Posterolateral
Where does the uncinate process lay?
- Directly posterior to the SMV
2. Anterior to the aorta and IVC
