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Year 2 Medicine > Topography of the Brain > Flashcards

Topography of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

… - development of the brain

A

Neurulation - development of the brain

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2
Q

Neurulation - development of the brain

  • Embryonic day …
  • Neuroectoderm cells receive inductive signals from …
  • Cells thicken to form neural … - early NS
  • Lateral neural plate margins fold inwards to form neural …
A
  • Embryonic day 20
  • Neuroectoderm cells receive inductive signals from notochord
  • Cells thicken to form neural plate - early NS
  • Lateral neural plate margins fold inwards to form neural tube
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3
Q

Neurulation - development of the brain

  • Embryonic day 20
  • Neuroectoderm cells receive inductive signals from notochord
  • Cells thicken to form neural … - early NS
  • Lateral neural plate margins fold inwards to form neural tube
A
  • Embryonic day 20
  • Neuroectoderm cells receive inductive signals from notochord
  • Cells thicken to form neural plate - early NS
  • Lateral neural plate margins fold inwards to form neural tube
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4
Q

… forms primitive nervous system

A

Ectoderm forms primitive nervous system

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5
Q

Running along the whole length of mesoderm is a rod like structure known as the noto…

A

Running along the whole length of mesoderm is a rod like structure known as the notochord

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6
Q

The Neural tube forms around day …

A

Neural tube - day 20

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7
Q

Neural tube - has neural crest cells

  • These differentiate into 4 different types:
    • Autonomic and sensory neurons and glia
    • Cells of the … gland
    • Epidermis
    • …/connective tissue of the head
A

Neural tube - has neural crest cells

  • These differentiate into 4 different types:
    • Autonomic and sensory neurons and glia
    • Cells of the adrenal gland
    • Epidermis
    • Skeletal/connective tissue of the head
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8
Q

Neural crest cells migrate into periphery and differentiate into 4 types and neural tube thickens - All around embryonic day …

A

Neural crest cells migrate into periphery and differentiate into 4 types and neural tube thickens - All around embryonic day 24

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9
Q

Neurulation

  • The nervous system develops when the notochord induces its overlying ectoderm to become neuroectoderm and to develop into the neural …. The neural … folds along its central axis to form a neural groove lined on each side by a neural fold. The two neural folds fuse together and pinch off to become the neural …
A
  • The nervous system develops when the notochord induces its overlying ectoderm to become neuroectoderm and to develop into the neural plate. The neural plate folds along its central axis to form a neural groove lined on each side by a neural fold. The two neural folds fuse together and pinch off to become the neural tube.
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10
Q

The bulk of our neural tube is called the …layer

A

The bulk of our neural tube is called the mantle layer - this becomes the brain parenchyma

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11
Q

The mantle layer of the neural tube becomes the brain …

A

parenchyma

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12
Q

Ependymal layer of the neural tube lines the …

A

ventricles of adult nervous system

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13
Q

The lumen of the neural tube becomes the … and … canal of our spinal cord

A

The lumen of the neural tube becomes the ventricles and central canal of our spinal cord

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14
Q

What day of neuralation does the neural tube thicken?

A

neural tube thickens - All around embryonic day 24

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15
Q

Neural tube defects occur in about 1 in every … established pregnancies

A

Neural tube defects occur in about 1 in every 1000 established pregnancies

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16
Q

Failure of the anterior neuropore to close means … will develop

A

anencephaly (Fatal) - less common

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17
Q

Failure of the posterior neuropore to close means … will develop

A

Failure of the posterior neuropore to close means Spina bifida will develop (divided by a cleft)

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18
Q

Anencephaly - … herniates out of foetus - degeneration of … - fatal

A

Anencephaly - Forebrain herniates out of foetus - degeneration of forebrain - fatal

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19
Q

Spina Bifida - … aspect fails to close - divided by a cleft - open vertebral canal

A

Spina Bifida - posterior aspect fails to close - divided by a cleft - open vertebral canal

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20
Q

2 types of SB : … (hidden, vertebral arch defect only) or … (e.g. meningocele = meninges projects out)

A

2 types of SB : occulta (hidden, vertebral arch defect only) or cystica (e.g. meningocele = meninges projects out)

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21
Q

Risk of neural tube defects is decreased by taking what during pregnancy?

A

folic acid

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22
Q

Primary Brain Vesicles

  • P…
  • M…
  • R…
A
  • Prosencephalon
  • Mesencephalon
  • Rhombencephalon
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23
Q
  • Prosencephalon form the …
  • Mesencephalon form the …
  • Rhombencephalon form the …
A
  • Prosencephalon form the forebrain
  • Mesencephalon form the midbrain
  • Rhombencephalon form the hindbrain
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24
Q

Development of the flexures (brain)

  • 2 flexures:
    • … flexure (near mesencephalon)
    • … flexure (between rhombencephalon and spinal cord)
A
  • 2 flexures:
    • Cephalic flexure (near mesencephalon)
    • Cervical flexure (between rhombencephalon and spinal cord)
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25
Q

Secondary brain vesicles

  • Day … - primary vesicles have divided to form secondary brain vesicles
    • Prosencephalon - divides into … and diencephalon
    • Mesencephalon - forms midbrain (no divisions)
    • Rhomencephalon - divides into … and myelencephalon
A
  • Day 36 - primary vesicles have divided to form secondary brain vesicles
    • Prosencephalon - divides into telencephalon and diencephalon
    • Mesencephalon - forms midbrain (no divisions)
    • Rhomencephalon - divides into metencephalon and myelencephalon
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26
Q

Secondary brain vesicles

  • Day 36 - primary vesicles have divided to form secondary brain vesicles
    • Prosencephalon - divides into telencephalon and …
    • Mesencephalon - forms … (no divisions)
    • Rhomencephalon - divides into metencephalon and myelencephalon
A
  • Day 36 - primary vesicles have divided to form secondary brain vesicles
    • Prosencephalon - divides into telencephalon and diencephalon
    • Mesencephalon - forms midbrain (no divisions)
    • Rhomencephalon - divides into metencephalon and myelencephalon
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27
Q

Prosencephalon

  • Diivides into telencephalon (forms … …) and diencephalon (forms … and …)
A
  • Diivides into telencephalon (forms cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (forms thalamus and hypothalamus)
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28
Q

Prosencephalon

  • Diivides into … (forms cerebral hemispheres) and … (forms thalamus and hypothalamus)
A
  • Diivides into telencephalon (forms cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (forms thalamus and hypothalamus)
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29
Q

Mesencephalon

  • Does it divide?
A

no - forms midbrain

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30
Q

Rhombencephalon

  • Divides into … (forms pons, cerebellum) and … (forms medulla)
A
  • Divides into metencephalon (forms pons, cerebellum) and myelencephalon (forms medulla)
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31
Q

Rhombencephalon

  • Divides into metencephalon (forms …, …) and myelencephalon (forms …)
A
  • Divides into metencephalon (forms pons, cerebellum) and myelencephalon (forms medulla)
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32
Q

… flexure forces the cerebellum posterior to the brain stem

A

Pontine flexure forces the cerebellum posterior to the brain stem

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33
Q

Adult Brain

  • Forebrain (… - formed of telencephalon which forms … hemispheres and diencephalon which forms the … and … )
  • Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
  • Hindbrain (rhombencephalon - formed of metencephalon which forms the pons and cerebellum and myelencephalon which forms the medulla)
A
  • Forebrain (prosencephalon - formed of telencephalon which forms cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon which forms the thalamus and hypothalamus )
  • Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
  • Hindbrain (rhombencephalon - formed of metencephalon which forms the pons and cerebellum and myelencephalon which forms the medulla)
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34
Q

Adult Brain

  • Forebrain (… - formed of telencephalon which forms cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon which forms the thalamus and hypothalamus )
  • Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
  • Hindbrain (… - formed of metencephalon which forms the pons and cerebellum and myelencephalon which forms the …)
A
  • Forebrain (prosencephalon - formed of telencephalon which forms cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon which forms the thalamus and hypothalamus )
  • Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
  • Hindbrain (rhombencephalon - formed of metencephalon which forms the pons and cerebellum and myelencephalon which forms the medulla)
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35
Q

Adult Brain

  • Forebrain (prosencephalon - formed of … which forms cerebral hemispheres and … which forms the thalamus and hypothalamus )
  • Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
  • Hindbrain (rhombencephalon - formed of … which forms the pons and cerebellum and myelencephalon which forms the medulla)
A
  • Forebrain (prosencephalon - formed of telencephalon which forms cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon which forms the thalamus and hypothalamus )
  • Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
  • Hindbrain (rhombencephalon - formed of metencephalon which forms the pons and cerebellum and myelencephalon which forms the medulla)
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36
Q

Grey and White Matter

  • CNS is made up of grey and white matter
    • Grey matter - mainly … … bodies - … on MRI
    • White matter - mainly myelinated axons - … on MRI
A
  • CNS is made up of grey and white matter
    • Grey matter - mainly neuronal cell bodies - darker on MRI
    • White matter - mainly myelinated axons - lighter on MRI
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37
Q

Grey and White Matter

  • CNS is made up of grey and white matter
    • Grey matter - mainly neuronal cell bodies - … on MRI
    • White matter - mainly … axons - … on MRI
A
  • CNS is made up of grey and white matter
    • Grey matter - mainly neuronal cell bodies - darker on MRI
    • White matter - mainly myelinated axons - lighter on MRI
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38
Q

Grey matter appears light or dark on MRI?

A

Grey matter appears darker (white appears lighter)

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39
Q

Main components of the telencephalon

  • Comprises the … hemispheres/cerebral cortex, components of the … system and the … ganglia
A
  • Comprises the cerebral hemispheres/cerebral cortex, components of the limbic system and the basal ganglia
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40
Q

Cerebral hemispheres:

  • Label the 4 lobes
A
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41
Q

Cerebral Cortex - Grey matter

  • … layer of cerebral hemispheres
  • Folded to form … and …
A
  • Outer layer of cerebral hemispheres
  • Folded to form gyri and sulci
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42
Q
  • … - hills
  • … - valleys
A
  • Gyri - hills
  • Sulcus - valleys
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43
Q

… sulcus - Divides frontal from parietal lobe

A

Central sulcus - Divides frontal from parietal lobe

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44
Q

Precentral gyrus - … function

A

Precentral gyrus - motor function

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45
Q

Postcentral gyrus - … function

A

Postcentral gyrus - sensory function

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46
Q

… sulcus - Divides temporal from parietal lobe

A

Lateral sulcus - Divides temporal from parietal lobe

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47
Q

Functional areas of cortex

  • Lobes have a motor or sensory function
  • … lobe - primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus
    • Also motor speech area of Broco
  • … lobe - somatosensory complex in the postcentral gyrus
    • (pain, touch, proprioception)
  • … lobe - visual cortex
  • … lobe - auditory centres and Olfactory centres
    • Separate out lateral sulcus - gustatory cortex (taste) + Insula
A
  • Lobes have a motor or sensory function
  • Frontal lobe - primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus
    • Also motor speech area of Broco
  • Parietal lobe - somatosensory complex in the postcentral gyrus
    • (pain, touch, proprioception)
  • Occipital lobe - visual cortex
  • Temporal lobe - auditory centres and Olfactory centres
    • Separate out lateral sulcus - gustatory cortex (taste) + Insula
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48
Q

Functional areas of cortex

  • Lobes have a motor or sensory function
  • Frontal lobe - primary … cortex in the precentral gyrus
    • Also motor speech area of Broco
  • Parietal lobe - … complex in the postcentral gyrus
    • (pain, touch, proprioception)
  • Occipital lobe - … cortex
  • Temporal lobe - … centres and … centres
    • Separate out lateral sulcus - gustatory cortex (taste) + Insula
A
  • Lobes have a motor or sensory function
  • Frontal lobe - primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus
    • Also motor speech area of Broco
  • Parietal lobe - somatosensory complex in the postcentral gyrus
    • (pain, touch, proprioception)
  • Occipital lobe - visual cortex
  • Temporal lobe - auditory centres and Olfactory centres
    • Separate out lateral sulcus - gustatory cortex (taste) + Insula
49
Q

Functional areas of cortex

  • Lobes have a motor or sensory function
  • Frontal lobe - primary motor cortex in the … gyrus
    • Also motor speech area of Broco
  • Parietal lobe - somatosensory complex in the … gyrus
    • (pain, touch, proprioception)
  • Occipital lobe - visual cortex
  • Temporal lobe - auditory centres and Olfactory centres
    • Separate out lateral sulcus - … cortex (taste) + …
A
  • Lobes have a motor or sensory function
  • Frontal lobe - primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus
    • Also motor speech area of Broco
  • Parietal lobe - somatosensory complex in the postcentral gyrus
    • (pain, touch, proprioception)
  • Occipital lobe - visual cortex
  • Temporal lobe - auditory centres and Olfactory centres
    • Separate out lateral sulcus - gustatory cortex (taste) + Insula
50
Q

…% of cortex is involved in association (perception of world) and cognition

A

80% of cortex is involved in association (perception of world) and cognition

51
Q
  • Frontal lobe - primary … cortex in the precentral gyrus
    • Also … speech area of Broco
A
  • Frontal lobe - primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus
    • Also motor speech area of Broco
52
Q

… lobe - visual cortex

A

Occipital lobe - visual cortex

53
Q

The … … is a White matter tract linking cerebral hemispheres

A

The Corpus callosum is a White matter tract linking cerebral hemispheres

54
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

White matter tract linking cerebral hemispheres

55
Q

Deep brain structures:

  • Lots of brain nuclei and white matter tracts deep to cerebral hemispheres
  • Interconnected to form important neural pathways, which include:
  • … system:
    • Involved with emotion and memory
  • … …:
    • Involved in the control of posture and voluntary movement
A
  • Lots of brain nuclei and white matter tracts deep to cerebral hemispheres
  • Interconnected to form important neural pathways, which include:
  • Limbic system:
    • Involved with emotion and memory
  • Basal ganglia:
    • Involved in the control of posture and voluntary movement
56
Q

The corpus callosum has a …, a body and a …

A

The corpus callosum has a genu, a body and a splenium

57
Q

Deep brain structures:

  • Lots of brain nuclei and white matter tracts deep to cerebral hemispheres
  • Interconnected to form important neural pathways, which include:
  • Limbic system:
    • Involved with … and …
  • Basal ganglia:
    • Involved in the control of … and … movement
A
  • Lots of brain nuclei and white matter tracts deep to cerebral hemispheres
  • Interconnected to form important neural pathways, which include:
  • Limbic system:
    • Involved with emotion and memory
  • Basal ganglia:
    • Involved in the control of posture and voluntary movement
58
Q

Limbic System

  • Limbic system spans the … and diencephalon
  • Main components: Cingulate cortex, …, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus
    • … - semi-circular white matter tract connecting hippocampus with mammillary bodies
    • Hippocampus - Memory and emotions - … sits in front of it
A
  • Limbic system spans the telencephalon and diencephalon
  • Main components: Cingulate cortex, fornix, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus
    • Fornix - semi-circular white matter tract connecting hippocampus with mammillary bodies
    • Hippocampus - Memory and emotions - Amygdala sits in front of it
59
Q

Limbic System

  • Limbic system spans the telencephalon and diencephalon
  • Main components: Cingulate cortex, fornix, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus
    • Fornix - semi-circular white matter tract connecting hippocampus with … bodies
    • Hippocampus - Memory and emotions - Amygdala sits in front of it
A
  • Limbic system spans the telencephalon and diencephalon
  • Main components: Cingulate cortex, fornix, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus
    • Fornix - semi-circular white matter tract connecting hippocampus with mammillary bodies
    • Hippocampus - Memory and emotions - Amygdala sits in front of it
60
Q

What are the main components of the limbic system?

A

Main components: Cingulate cortex, fornix, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala

61
Q

Fornix

  • semi-circular … matter tract connecting … with … bodies (hypothalamus)
A
  • semi-circular white matter tract connecting hippocampus with mammillary bodies (hypothalamus)
62
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

63
Q

Label the diagram (fornix)

64
Q

The … is responsible for processing of long-term memory and emotional responses.

A

The hippocampus is responsible for processing of long-term memory and emotional responses.

65
Q

Hippocampus

  • Connected to … bodies via the …
A
  • Connected to mammillary bodies via the fornix
66
Q

Basal Ganglia

  • Series of interconnected nuclei at base of forebrain
  • The … striatum is a collective name given to the … nucleus and … nucleus within the basal ganglia.
    • … nucleus is sub-divided into the putamen and globus pallidus
A
  • Series of interconnected nuclei at base of forebrain
  • The corpus striatum is a collective name given to the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus within the basal ganglia.
    • Lentiform nucleus is sub-divided into the putamen and globus pallidus
67
Q

Basal Ganglia

  • Series of interconnected nuclei at … of forebrain
  • The corpus striatum is a collective name given to the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus within the basal ganglia.
    • Lentiform nucleus is sub-divided into the … and globus …
A
  • Series of interconnected nuclei at base of forebrain
  • The corpus striatum is a collective name given to the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus within the basal ganglia.
    • Lentiform nucleus is sub-divided into the putamen and globus pallidus
68
Q

Lentiform nucleus - subdivided into … and Globus …

A

Lentiform nucleus - subdivided into putamen and Globus pallidus

69
Q

Lentiform nucleus is … shaped

A

Lentiform nucleus is lens shaped

70
Q

Caudate nucleus is … shaped and sits in wall of … ventricle

A

Caudate nucleus is C-shaped and sits in wall of lateral ventricle

71
Q

The … nucleus consists of the head, body and tail.

A

The caudate nucleus consists of the head, body and tail.

72
Q

The lentiform nucleus sits … to caudate nucleus

A

The lentiform nucleus sits lateral to caudate nucleus

73
Q

Label (basal ganglia)

74
Q

Label (basal ganglia)

75
Q

The Capsules

  • … - major white matter tract - connects cortex to brainstem
  • …- … to lentiform nucleus
A
  • Internal - major white matter tract - connects cortex to brainstem
  • External- external to lentiform nucleus
76
Q

Label the capsules

77
Q

Main components of the diencephalon

  • Comprises the … and …
A
  • Comprises the thalamus and hypothalamus
78
Q

The … location of the diencephalon is important functionally

A

The central location of the diencephalon is important functionally

79
Q

Thalamus

  • … structure
  • Relays … information to the cortex - to primary … regions of cortex
  • Involved with voluntary movement, personality and consciousness
A
  • Paired structure
  • Relays sensory information to the cortex - to primary sensory regions of cortex
  • Involved with voluntary movement, personality and consciousness
80
Q

Thalamus

  • Paired structure
  • Relays sensory information to the cortex - to primary sensory regions of cortex
  • Involved with … movement, personality and …
A
  • Paired structure
  • Relays sensory information to the cortex - to primary sensory regions of cortex
  • Involved with voluntary movement, personality and consciousness
81
Q

What structure is shown?

82
Q

The hypothalamus is … to the thalamus

A

Hypothalamus - Inferior to thalamus

83
Q

Hypothalamus

  • Homeostasis
    • Coordinates … and endocrine responses
    • Involved in …regulation, feeding, drinking, … rhythms (physical, mental, and behavioural changes that follow a daily cycle)
    • Receives inputs from … system
A
  • Homeostasis
    • Coordinates ANS and endocrine responses
    • Involved in thermoregulation, feeding, drinking, circadian rhythms (physical, mental, and behavioural changes that follow a daily cycle)
    • Receives inputs from limbic system
84
Q

Hypothalamus

  • …
    • Coordinates ANS and … responses
    • Involved in thermoregulation, feeding, drinking, circadian rhythms (physical, mental, and behavioural changes that follow a daily cycle)
    • Receives inputs from limbic system
A
  • Homeostasis
    • Coordinates ANS and endocrine responses
    • Involved in thermoregulation, feeding, drinking, circadian rhythms (physical, mental, and behavioural changes that follow a daily cycle)
    • Receives inputs from limbic system
85
Q

The … sits between the optic chiasm and mammillary bodies

A

The hypothalamus sits between the optic chiasm and mammillary bodies

86
Q

The hypothalamus sits between the … chiasm and … bodies

A

The hypothalamus sits between the optic chiasm and mammillary bodies

87
Q

What does the pineal gland produce?

88
Q

The pituitary gland is an … gland

A

endocrine gland

89
Q

Label the brain (inferior surface view)

90
Q

Main components of the Mesencephalon and Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain)

  • Form the … and …
    • Brainstem is formed of Midbrain (mesencephalon), pons, medulla (both rhombencephalon)
A
  • Form the brainstem and cerebellum
    • Brainstem is formed of Midbrain (mesencephalon), pons, medulla (both rhombencephalon)
91
Q

Main components of the Mesencephalon and Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain)

  • Form the brainstem and cerebellum
    • Brainstem is formed of … (mesencephalon), …, medulla (both rhombencephalon)
A
  • Form the brainstem and cerebellum
    • Brainstem is formed of Midbrain (mesencephalon), pons, medulla (both rhombencephalon)
92
Q

Brainstem is made up of …, pons, …

A

Brainstem is made up of midbrain, pons, medulla

93
Q

Medulla is continuous with our … …

A

Medulla is continuous with spinal cord

94
Q

Label the diagram

95
Q

Label the diagram

96
Q

Brainstem

  • Contains:
    • Cranial nerve nuclei within all 3 regions
    • Vital … and cardiovascular centres
    • … centre
    • Nuclei involved with … control, sleep
    • White matter tracts
A
  • Contains:
    • Cranial nerve nuclei within all 3 regions
    • Vital respiratory and cardiovascular centres
    • Vomiting centre
    • Nuclei involved with motor control, sleep
    • White matter tracts
97
Q

Brainstem

  • Contains:
    • … nerve nuclei within all 3 regions
    • Vital respiratory and cardiovascular centres
    • Vomiting centre
    • Nuclei involved with motor control, sleep
    • … matter tracts
A
  • Contains:
    • Cranial nerve nuclei within all 3 regions
    • Vital respiratory and cardiovascular centres
    • Vomiting centre
    • Nuclei involved with motor control, sleep
    • White matter tracts
98
Q

Midbrain

  • Anterior - Cerebral … - feet of the brain (white matter tracts connecting pons with diencephalon)
  • Posteriolateral:
    • Superior Colliculus - … (… movements)
    • Inferior Colliculus - Auditory (relay nuclei)
A
  • Anterior - Cerebral peduncles - feet of the brain (white matter tracts connecting pons with diencephalon)
  • Posteriolateral:
    • Superior Colliculus - vision (eye movements)
    • Inferior Colliculus - Auditory (relay nuclei)
99
Q

Midbrain

  • Anterior - … peduncles - feet of the brain (white matter tracts connecting pons with diencephalon)
  • Posteriolateral:
    • Superior Colliculus - vision (eye movements)
    • Inferior Colliculus - … (relay …)
A
  • Anterior - Cerebral peduncles - feet of the brain (white matter tracts connecting pons with diencephalon)
  • Posteriolateral:
    • Superior Colliculus - vision (eye movements)
    • Inferior Colliculus - Auditory (relay nuclei)
100
Q

Horizontal slice of midbrain - Label

101
Q

Substantial nigra - contains … neurons - forms part of our … ganglia

A

Substantial nigra - contains dopaminergic neurons - forms part of our basal ganglia

102
Q

Red nucleus - … coordination - relay between … and cerebellum

A

Red nucleus - Motor coordination - relay between cortex and cerebellum

103
Q

Pons

  • Relays information to the cerebellum (from brainstem)
  • … fibres forming cerebellar peduncles
  • … cerebellar peduncle - white matter tracts linking brainstem with cerebellum
  • Reticular formation - nuclei concerned with …, motor control
A
  • Relays information to the cerebellum (from brainstem)
  • Transverse fibres forming cerebellar peduncles
  • Middle cerebellar peduncle - white matter tracts linking brainstem with cerebellum
  • Reticular formation - nuclei concerned with sleep, motor control
104
Q

Pons

  • Relays information to the … (from brainstem)
  • Transverse fibres forming … peduncles
  • Middle … peduncle - white matter tracts linking brainstem with …
  • … formation - nuclei concerned with sleep, motor control
A
  • Relays information to the cerebellum (from brainstem)
  • Transverse fibres forming cerebellar peduncles
  • Middle cerebellar peduncle - white matter tracts linking brainstem with cerebellum
  • Reticular formation - nuclei concerned with sleep, motor control
105
Q

The basilar artery is a large vessel that ascends along the ventral surface of the …

A

The basilar artery is a large vessel that ascends along the ventral surface of the pons.

106
Q

Medulla oblongata

  • ANTERIOR
    • Pyramids - white matter - Corticospinal axons - the tract is the main … motor pathway (Primary motor complex to spinal cord)
    • Within pyramid - Many axons … - cross midline
    • Beside pyramid - Olives - formed by olivary nuclei - motor relay to cerebellum
  • POSTEROLATERAL
    • Cuneate tubercle & … tubercle
    • Cuneate nuclei and … nuclei - form part of ascending tract
  • Medulla of brainstem - Contains nuclei that are important in controlling respiration and CVS
A
  • ANTERIOR
    • Pyramids - white matter - Corticospinal axons - the tract is the main voluntary motor pathway (Primary motor complex to spinal cord)
    • Within pyramid - Many axons decussate - cross midline
    • Beside pyramid - Olives - formed by olivary nuclei - motor relay to cerebellum
  • POSTEROLATERAL
    • Cuneate tubercle & gracile tubercle
    • Cuneate nuclei and gracile nuclei - form part of ascending tract
  • Medulla of brainstem - Contains nuclei that are important in controlling respiration and CVS
107
Q

Medulla oblongata

  • ANTERIOR
    • … - white matter - Corticospinal axons - the tract is the main voluntary motor pathway (Primary motor complex to spinal cord)
      • Within it - Many axons decussate - cross midline
      • Beside it - Olives - formed by olivary nuclei - motor relay to cerebellum
  • POSTEROLATERAL
    • … tubercle & gracile tubercle
    • … nuclei and gracile nuclei - form part of … tract
  • Medulla of brainstem - Contains nuclei that are important in controlling respiration and CVS
A
  • ANTERIOR
    • Pyramids - white matter - Corticospinal axons - the tract is the main voluntary motor pathway (Primary motor complex to spinal cord)
    • Within pyramid - Many axons decussate - cross midline
    • Beside pyramid - Olives - formed by olivary nuclei - motor relay to cerebellum
  • POSTEROLATERAL
    • Cuneate tubercle & gracile tubercle
    • Cuneate nuclei and gracile nuclei - form part of ascending tract
  • Medulla of brainstem - Contains nuclei that are important in controlling respiration and CVS
108
Q

Medulla of brainstem - Contains nuclei that are important in controlling … and CVS

A

Medulla of brainstem - Contains nuclei that are important in controlling respiration and CVS

109
Q

The cerebellum sits … to brainstem

A

The cerebellum sits posterior to brainstem

110
Q

Cerebellum

  • … to brainstem
  • Outer … matter (cerebellar cortex)
  • Underlying … matter
  • Two cerebellar hemispheres
  • Three lobes
  • Contains nuclei
  • Similar structure to telencephalon
A
  • Posterior to brainstem
  • Outer grey matter (cerebellar cortex)
  • Underlying white matter
  • Two cerebellar hemispheres
  • Three lobes
  • Contains nuclei
  • Similar structure to telencephalon
111
Q

Cerebellum

  • Posterior to brainstem
  • Outer grey matter (cerebellar cortex)
  • Underlying white matter
  • Two … hemispheres
  • … lobes
  • Contains nuclei
  • Similar structure to …
A
  • Posterior to brainstem
  • Outer grey matter (cerebellar cortex)
  • Underlying white matter
  • Two cerebellar hemispheres
  • Three lobes
  • Contains nuclei
  • Similar structure to telencephalon
112
Q

Main functions of the Cerebellum

  • Motor control:
    • Control of … - anterior lobe
    • Coordinating and planning … movements - posterior
    • Control of … movements - flocculonodular lobe
A
  • Motor control:
    • Control of posture - anterior lobe
    • Coordinating and planning limb movements - posterior
    • Control of eye movements - flocculonodular lobe
113
Q

Main functions of the Cerebellum

  • Motor control:
    • Control of posture - … lobe
    • Coordinating and planning limb movements - posterior
    • Control of eye movements - … lobe
A
  • Motor control:
    • Control of posture - anterior lobe
    • Coordinating and planning limb movements - posterior
    • Control of eye movements - flocculonodular lobe
114
Q

The … … (Latin for “tree of life”) is the cerebellar white matter, so called for its branched, tree-like appearance

A

The arbor vitae (Latin for “tree of life”) is the cerebellar white matter, so called for its branched, tree-like appearance

115
Q

The arbor vitae (Latin for “tree of life”) is the … white matter, so called for its branched, tree-like appearance

A

The arbor vitae (Latin for “tree of life”) is the cerebellar white matter, so called for its branched, tree-like appearance

116
Q

Label the cerebellum

117
Q

The … is the unpaired, median portion of the cerebellum that connects the two hemispheres

A

The vermis is the unpaired, median portion of the cerebellum that connects the two hemispheres

118
Q

Cerebellar … - join cerebellum to brainstem

A

Cerebellar peduncles - join cerebellum to brainstem

Year 2 Medicine (162 decks)

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