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Year 2 Medicine > Anatomy of the Forearm > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Skeleton - Forearm

  • Radius bone - most lateral
    • Proximal:
      • Radial … - circular - lateral condyle of humerus articulates here
      • Radial tuberosity - … … inserts here
    • Distal:
      • … process of radius
  • Ulna bone - medially
    • Proximal:
      • … - back of ulna near the elbow
      • Radial … - circular head of radius articulates with ulna here
      • … notch - medial condyle of humerus articulates ulna here
      • … process
      • Ulna tuberosity - … inserts here
    • Distal:
      • … process of ulna
A
  • Radius - most lateral
    • Proximal:
      • Radial head - circular - lateral condyle of humerus articulates here
      • Radial tuberosity - biceps brachii inserts here
    • Distal:
      • Styloid process of radius
  • Ulna - medially
    • Proximal:
      • Olecranon - back of ulna near the elbow
      • Radial notch - circular head of radius articulates with ulna here
      • Trochlea notch - medial condyle of humerus articulates ulna here
      • Coronoid process
      • Ulna tuberosity - brachialis inserts here
    • Distal:
      • Styloid process of ulna
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2
Q

Label the Forearm skeleton

A
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3
Q

Label the Forearm skeleton

A
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4
Q

Label the Forearm skeleton

A
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5
Q

Label the Forearm skeleton

A
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6
Q

Joints of the Forearm

  • Two joints:
    • Synovial hinge joint (… joint) flexion/extension
    • Synovial pivot joint (… … joint) - supination/pronation
A
  • Two joints:
    • Synovial hinge joint (elbow joint) flexion/extension
    • Synovial pivot joint (proximal radioulnar joint) - supination/pronation
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7
Q

Joints of the Forearm

  • Two joints:
    • Synovial … joint (elbow joint) flexion/extension
    • Synovial … joint (proximal radioulnar joint) - supination/pronation
A
  • Two joints:
    • Synovial hinge joint (elbow joint) flexion/extension
    • Synovial pivot joint (proximal radioulnar joint) - supination/pronation
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8
Q

Joints of the Forearm

  • Two joints:
    • Synovial hinge joint (elbow joint) …/… of forearm
    • Synovial pivot joint (proximal radioulnar joint) - …/… of forearm
A
  • Two joints:
    • Synovial hinge joint (elbow joint) flexion/extension of forearm
    • Synovial pivot joint (proximal radioulnar joint) supination/pronation of forearm
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9
Q

Joints of the Forearm

  • Two joints:
    • Synovial hinge joint (elbow joint) …/… of forearm
    • Synovial pivot joint (proximal radioulnar joint) - …/… of forearm
A
  • Two joints:
    • Synovial hinge joint (elbow joint) flexion/extension of forearm
    • Synovial pivot joint (proximal radioulnar joint) supination/pronation of forearm
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10
Q

Elbow joint (Synovial hinge joint)

  • It is the point of articulation of three bones: the … of the arm and the … and the … of the forearm.
  • … - Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis muscles
    Mnemonic: 3 B’s bend the elbow
    Extension - … … muscle
A
  • It is the point of articulation of three bones: the humerus of the arm and the radius and the ulna of the forearm.
  • Flexion - Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis muscles
    Mnemonic: 3 B’s bend the elbow
    Extension - Triceps brachii muscle
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11
Q

There are three bones that comprise the elbow joint, which are …

A
  • the humerus
  • the radius
  • the ulna.
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12
Q

At the elbow joint, the proximal ends of the radius and ulna articulate with each other at the … … joint.

A

At the elbow joint, the proximal ends of the radius and ulna articulate with each other at the proximal radioulnar joint.

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13
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

  • The proximal radioulnar joint is located immediately distal to the … joint, and is enclosed with in the same articular capsule. It is formed by an articulation between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna.
  • There are two movements possible at this joint - … and …
A
  • The proximal radioulnar joint is located immediately distal to the elbow joint, and is enclosed with in the same articular capsule. It is formed by an articulation between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna.
  • There are two movements possible at this joint: pronation and supination
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14
Q

Ligaments of the Forearm

  • Ligaments stabilise/strengthen joint
  • … ligament wraps around rounded head of radius (attached to radial notch and ulna)
  • Ulnar collateral ligrament - coming from … epicondyle
  • Radial collateral ligament - coming from … epicondyle
A
  • Ligaments stabilise/strengthen joint
  • Annular ligament wraps around rounded head of radius (attached to radial notch and ulna)
  • Ulnar collateral ligrament - coming from medial epicondyle
  • Radial collateral ligament - coming from lateral epicondyle
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15
Q

Ligaments of the Forearm

  • Label the diagram
A
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16
Q

Ligaments of the Forearm

  • Label the diagram
A
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17
Q

Ligaments of the Forearm

  • Label the diagram
A
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18
Q

Ligaments of the Forearm

  • Label the diagram
A
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19
Q

Forearm compartments

  • Two compartments:
    • Anterior/… compartment
    • Posterior/… compartment
  • Long … enter hand
A
  • Two compartments:
    • Anterior/Flexor compartment
    • Posterior/Extensor compartment
  • Long tendons enter hand
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20
Q

Anterior compartment of Forearm

  • Mainly flexors
    • Superficial muscles:
      • 3 Flexors of wrist (…)
      • 1 Pronator
    • Intermediate muscles:
      • 1 Flexor of digits 2-5 (…)
    • Deep muscles:
      • 1 Flexor of digits 2-5 (…)
      • 1 Flexor of thumb (…)
      • 1 Pronator
  • Superficial and intermediate from common flexor origin (… epicondyle of humerus)
A
  • Mainly flexors
    • Superficial muscles:
      • 3 Flexors of wrist (carpi)
      • 1 Pronator
    • Intermediate muscles:
      • 1 Flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
    • Deep muscles:
      • 1 Flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
      • 1 Flexor of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Pronator
  • Superficial and intermediate from common flexor origin (medial epicondyle of humerus)
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21
Q

Anterior compartment of Forearm

  • Mainly flexors
    • … muscles:
      • 3 Flexors of wrist (carpi)
      • 1 Pronator
    • … muscles:
      • 1 Flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
    • … muscles:
      • 1 Flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
      • 1 Flexor of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Pronator
  • … and … from common flexor origin (medial epicondyle of humerus)
A
  • Mainly flexors
    • Superficial muscles:
      • 3 Flexors of wrist (carpi)
      • 1 Pronator
    • Intermediate muscles:
      • 1 Flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
    • Deep muscles:
      • 1 Flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
      • 1 Flexor of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Pronator
  • Superficial and intermediate from common flexor origin (medial epicondyle of humerus)
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22
Q

Anterior compartment of Forearm

  • Mainly flexors
    • Superficial muscles:
      • … Flexors of wrist (carpi)
      • … Pronator
    • Intermediate muscles:
      • … Flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
    • Deep muscles:
      • … Flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
      • … Flexor of thumb (pollicis)
      • … Pronator
  • Superficial and intermediate from common flexor origin (… epicondyle of humerus)
A
  • Mainly flexors
    • Superficial muscles:
      • 3 Flexors of wrist (carpi)
      • 1 Pronator
    • Intermediate muscles:
      • 1 Flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
    • Deep muscles:
      • 1 Flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
      • 1 Flexor of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Pronator
  • Superficial and intermediate from common flexor origin (medial epicondyle of humerus)
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23
Q

Anterior, Superficial layer of forearm

  • Common flexor origin - … epicondyle of humerus
  • Flexor … ulnaris - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 5th metacarpal)
  • … longus - Weak flexor of hand (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts onto palmar aponeurosis)
  • Flexor … radialis - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal)
  • … teres - (origin - Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus, Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna, inserts into the radius)
A
  • Common flexor origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 5th metacarpal)
  • Palmaris longus - Weak flexor of hand (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts onto palmar aponeurosis)
  • Flexor carpi radialis - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal)
  • Pronator teres - (origin - Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus, Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna, inserts into the radius)
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24
Q

Anterior, Superficial layer of forearm

  • Common flexor origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 5th metacarpal)
  • Palmaris longus - Weak flexor of hand (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts onto palmar aponeurosis)
  • Flexor carpi radialis - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal)
  • Pronator teres - (origin - Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus, Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna, inserts into the radius)
A
  • Common flexor origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 5th metacarpal)
  • Palmaris longus - Weak flexor of hand (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts onto palmar aponeurosis)
  • Flexor carpi radialis - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal)
  • Pronator teres - (origin - Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus, Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna, inserts into the radius)
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25
Q

Anterior, Superficial layer of forearm

  • Common flexor origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of … metacarpal)
  • Palmaris longus - Weak flexor of hand (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts onto palmar …)
  • Flexor carpi radialis - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of … and … metacarpal)
  • Pronator teres - (origin - Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus, Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna, inserts into the …)
A
  • Common flexor origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 5th metacarpal)
  • Palmaris longus - Weak flexor of hand (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts onto palmar aponeurosis)
  • Flexor carpi radialis - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal)
  • Pronator teres - (origin - Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus, Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna, inserts into the radius)
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26
Q

Anterior, Superficial layer of forearm

  • Common flexor origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of … metacarpal)
  • Palmaris longus - Weak flexor of hand (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts onto palmar …)
  • Flexor carpi radialis - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of … and … metacarpal)
  • Pronator teres - (origin - Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus, Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna, inserts into the …)
A
  • Common flexor origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 5th metacarpal)
  • Palmaris longus - Weak flexor of hand (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts onto palmar aponeurosis)
  • Flexor carpi radialis - Flexor of wrist (origin - medial epicondyle, inserts into base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal)
  • Pronator teres - (origin - Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus, Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna, inserts into the radius)
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27
Q

Clinical: Golfers elbow / medial epicondylitis (inflammation of tendons at … … … due to overuse/excessive gripping)

A

Clinical: Golfers elbow / medial epicondylitis (inflammation of tendons at CFO (common flexor origin) due to overuse/excessive gripping)

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28
Q

Clinical: … elbow / … epicondylitis (inflammation of tendons at CFO (common flexor origin) due to overuse/excessive gripping)

A

Clinical: Golfers elbow / medial epicondylitis (inflammation of tendons at CFO (common flexor origin) due to overuse/excessive gripping)

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29
Q

Anterior, Intermediate Layer of forearm

  • Flexor digitorum superficialis - Splits into … tendons
    • Origin - … epicondyle of humerus and the …
    • Inserts into sides of middle phalanges of digits …-…
    • Flex wrist, … joints and proximal … joints …-…: Finger flexion
A
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis - Splits into four tendons and attaches to the middle phalanges of the second through fifth digits of the hand.
    • Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus and the radius
    • Inserts into Sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
    • Flex wrist, Metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger flexion
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30
Q

Anterior, Intermediate Layer of forearm

    • Flexor digitorum superficialis - Splits into … tendons
      • Origin - … epicondyle of humerus and the …
      • Inserts into sides of middle phalanges of digits …-…
      • Flex wrist, … joints and proximal … joints …-…: Finger flexion
A
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis - Splits into four tendons and attaches to the middle phalanges of the second through fifth digits of the hand.
    • Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus and the radius
    • Inserts into Sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
    • Flex wrist, Metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger flexion
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31
Q

Anterior, Deep layer of forearm

  • Flexor … profundus - flex wrist, finger flexion - memetacarpophalangeal of 2-5 and interphalangeal joints 2-5 (origin - ulna and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanges of digits 2-5)
  • Flexor … longus - Thumb flexion - metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1 (origin - radius and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb)
  • Pronator … - pronates forearm (origin - distal end of ulna, inserts into distal end of radius)
A
  • Flexor digitorum profundus - flex wrist, finger flexion - memetacarpophalangeal of 2-5 and interphalangeal joints 2-5 (origin - ulna and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanges of digits 2-5)
  • Flexor pollicis longus - Thumb flexion - metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1 (origin - radius and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb)
  • Pronator Quadratus - pronates forearm (origin - distal end of ulna, inserts into distal end of radius)
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32
Q

Superficial/intermediate anterior forearm muscles

  • These muscles include the pronator …, flexor … radialis, flexor … ulnaris, palmaris … and flexor … superficialis (intermediate). The superficial/intermediate anterior forearm muscles share a common origin on the common … tendon that arises from the … epicondyle of humerus.
A

These muscles include the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus and flexor digitorum superficialis(intermediate). The superficial/intermediate anterior forearm muscles share a common origin on the common flexor tendon that arises from the medial epicondyle of humerus.

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33
Q

The flexor … … is the only muscle of the intermediate compartment. It can sometimes be classed as a superficial muscle, but in most individuals, it lies between the deep and superficial muscle layers.

A

The flexor digitorum superficialis is the only muscle of the intermediate compartment. It can sometimes be classed as a superficial muscle, but in most individuals, it lies between the deep and superficial muscle layers.

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34
Q

The flexor digitorum superficialis is the only anterior forearm muscle of the … compartment.

A

The flexor digitorum superficialis is the only anterior forearm muscle of the intermediate compartment. It can sometimes be classed as a superficial muscle, but in most individuals, it lies between the deep and superficial muscle layers.

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35
Q

Anterior, Deep layer of forearm

  • Flexor digitorum … - flex wrist, finger flexion - memetacarpophalangeal of 2-5 and interphalangeal joints 2-5 (origin - ulna and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanges of digits 2-5)
  • Flexor pollicis … - … flexion - metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1 (origin - radius and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb)
  • … Quadratus - … forearm (origin - distal end of ulna, inserts into distal end of radius)
A
  • Flexor digitorum profundus - flex wrist, finger flexion - memetacarpophalangeal of 2-5 and interphalangeal joints 2-5 (origin - ulna and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanges of digits 2-5)
  • Flexor pollicis longus - Thumb flexion - metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1 (origin - radius and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb)
  • Pronator Quadratus - pronates forearm (origin - distal end of ulna, inserts into distal end of radius)
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36
Q

Anterior, Deep layer of forearm

  • Flexor digitorum profundus - flex wrist, finger flexion - memetacarpophalangeal of 2-5 and interphalangeal joints 2-5 (origin - … and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanges of digits 2-5)
  • Flexor pollicis longus - Thumb flexion - metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1 (origin - … and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb)
  • Pronator Quadratus - pronates forearm (origin - distal end of ulna, inserts into distal end of radius)
A
  • Flexor digitorum profundus - flex wrist, finger flexion - memetacarpophalangeal of 2-5 and interphalangeal joints 2-5 (origin - ulna and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanges of digits 2-5)
  • Flexor pollicis longus - Thumb flexion - metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1 (origin - radius and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb)
  • Pronator Quadratus - pronates forearm (origin - distal end of ulna, inserts into distal end of radius)
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37
Q

Anterior, Deep layer of forearm

  • Flexor digitorum profundus - flex wrist, finger flexion - memetacarpophalangeal of 2-5 and interphalangeal joints 2-5 (origin - ulna and … membrane, inserts into distal phalanges of digits 2-5)
  • Flexor pollicis longus - Thumb flexion - metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1 (origin - radius and … membrane, inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb)
  • Pronator Quadratus - pronates forearm (origin - distal end of ulna, inserts into distal end of radius)
A
  • Flexor digitorum profundus - flex wrist, finger flexion - memetacarpophalangeal of 2-5 and interphalangeal joints 2-5 (origin - ulna and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanges of digits 2-5)
  • Flexor pollicis longus - Thumb flexion - metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1 (origin - radius and interosseous membrane, inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb)
  • Pronator Quadratus - pronates forearm (origin - distal end of ulna, inserts into distal end of radius)
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38
Q

Posterior compartment of Forearm

  • Mainly …
    • Superficial muscles:
      • 3 Extensors of wrist (…)
      • 1 Extensor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 5 (digiti minimi)
      • Brachioradialis and anconeus
    • Deep muscles:
      • 2 Extensors of thumb (…)
      • 1 Abductor of thumb (…)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 2 (indicis)
      • 1 Supinator
A
  • Mainly extensors
    • Superficial muscles:
      • 3 Extensors of wrist (carpi)
      • 1 Extensor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 5 (digiti minimi)
      • Brachioradialis and anconeus
    • Deep muscles:
      • 2 Extensors of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Abductor of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 2 (indicis)
      • 1 Supinator
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39
Q

Posterior compartment of Forearm

  • Mainly extensors
    • … muscles:
      • 3 Extensors of wrist (carpi)
      • 1 Extensor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 5 (digiti minimi)
      • Brachioradialis and anconeus
    • … muscles:
      • 2 Extensors of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Abductor of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 2 (indicis)
      • 1 Supinator
A
  • Mainly extensors
    • Superficial muscles:
      • 3 Extensors of wrist (carpi)
      • 1 Extensor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 5 (digiti minimi)
      • Brachioradialis and anconeus
    • Deep muscles:
      • 2 Extensors of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Abductor of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 2 (indicis)
      • 1 Supinator
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40
Q

Posterior compartment of Forearm

  • Mainly extensors
    • Superficial muscles:
      • 3 Extensors of wrist (carpi)
      • 1 Extensor of digits 2-5 (…)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 5 (digiti …)
      • Brachioradialis and anconeus
    • Deep muscles:
      • 2 Extensors of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Abductor of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 2 (…)
      • 1 Supinator
A
  • Mainly extensors
    • Superficial muscles:
      • 3 Extensors of wrist (carpi)
      • 1 Extensor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 5 (digiti minimi)
      • Brachioradialis and anconeus
    • Deep muscles:
      • 2 Extensors of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Abductor of thumb (pollicis)
      • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 2 (indicis)
      • 1 Supinator
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41
Q

Posterior, Superficial layer of forearm (5 muscles from the Common extensor origin)

  • Extensor carpi radialis … / … (… originates from the supracondylar ridge and inserts into base of 2nd metacarpal, … originates from lateral epicondyle (common extensor origin) and inserts into 3rd metacarpal)
  • Extensor … (originates from common extensor origin, splits into four and inserts into the extensor hood of each finger - D2,3,4,5)
  • Extensor digiti … (accessory to extensor … - originates from common extensor origin, inserts into extensor hood of D5)
  • Extensor carpi … (originates from common extensor origin, inserts into base of D5)
A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus / brevis (longus originates from the supracondylar ridge and inserts into base of 2nd metacarpal, brevis originates from lateral epicondyle (common extensor origin) and inserts into 3rd metacarpal)
  • Extensor digitorum (originates from common extensor origin, splits into four and inserts into the extensor hood of each finger - D2,3,4,5)
  • Extensor digiti minimi (accessory to extensor digitorum - originates from common extensor origin, inserts into extensor hood of D5)
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris (originates from common extensor origin, inserts into base of D5)
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42
Q

Posterior, Superficial layer of forearm (5 muscles from the Common extensor origin)

  • Extensor carpi radialis longus / brevis (longus originates from the supracondylar ridge and inserts into base of … metacarpal, brevis originates from lateral epicondyle (common extensor origin) and inserts into … metacarpal)
  • Extensor digitorum (originates from common extensor origin, splits into … and inserts into the extensor hood of each finger - D2,3,4,5)
  • Extensor digiti minimi (accessory to extensor digitorum - originates from common extensor origin, inserts into extensor hood of D5)
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris (originates from common extensor origin, inserts into base of D5)
A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus / brevis (longus originates from the supracondylar ridge and inserts into base of 2nd metacarpal, brevis originates from lateral epicondyle (common extensor origin) and inserts into 3rd metacarpal)
  • Extensor digitorum (originates from common extensor origin, splits into four and inserts into the extensor hood of each finger - D2,3,4,5)
  • Extensor digiti minimi (accessory to extensor digitorum - originates from common extensor origin, inserts into extensor hood of D5)
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris (originates from common extensor origin, inserts into base of D5)
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43
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus / brevis

  • Longus originates from the … ridge and inserts into base of … metacarpal
  • Brevis originates from lateral epicondyle (… … origin) and inserts into … metacarpal
A
  • Longus originates from the supracondylar ridge and inserts into base of 2nd metacarpal
  • Brevis originates from lateral epicondyle (common extensor origin) and inserts into 3rd metacarpal
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44
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus / brevis

  • Longus originates from the … ridge and inserts into base of … metacarpal
  • Brevis originates from … epicondyle (common extensor origin) and inserts into … metacarpal
A
  • Longus originates from the supracondylar ridge and inserts into base of 2nd metacarpal
  • Brevis originates from lateral epicondyle (common extensor origin) and inserts into 3rd metacarpal
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45
Q

Extensor digitorum

originates from common extensor origin, splits into … and inserts into the extensor hood of fingers …

A
  • originates from common extensor origin, splits into four and inserts into the extensor hood of each finger - D2,3,4,5
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46
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

  • Accessory to extensor … - originates from common extensor origin, inserts into extensor hood of …
A
  • Accessory to extensor digitorum - originates from common extensor origin, inserts into extensor hood of D5
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47
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

  • originates from common … origin, inserts into base of digit …
A
  • originates from common extensor origin, inserts into base of D5
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48
Q

Posterior, Superficial layer of forearm

  • Fill in the blanks
A
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49
Q

Posterior, Superficial layer of forearm

  • Fill in the blanks
A
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50
Q

Brachioradialis

  • The brachioradialis is a …, superficial muscle.
  • Flexor when half …
  • Originates from the proximal aspect of the lateral … ridge of humerus, and attaches to the distal end of the radius, just before the radial … process.
A
  • The brachioradialis is a posterior, superficial muscle.
  • Flexor when half pronated
  • Originates from the proximal aspect of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, and attaches to the distal end of the radius, just before the radial styloid process.
51
Q

Brachioradialis

  • The brachioradialis is a posterior, … muscle.
  • Flexor when … pronated
  • Originates from the proximal aspect of the lateral … ridge of humerus, and attaches to the distal end of the radius, just before the radial … process.
A
  • The brachioradialis is a posterior, superficial muscle.
  • Flexor when half pronated
  • Originates from the proximal aspect of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, and attaches to the distal end of the radius, just before the radial styloid process.
52
Q

Anconeus

  • Superior, posterior forearm muscle
  • Originates from the … epicondyle, and attaches to the posterior and lateral part of the …
  • Stablises the elbow
  • Innervation: Radial nerve.
A
  • Superior, posterior forearm muscle
  • Originates from the lateral epicondyle, and attaches to the posterior and lateral part of the olecranon.
  • Stablises the elbow
  • Innervation: Radial nerve.
53
Q

Anconeus

  • Superior, posterior forearm muscle
  • Originates from the lateral epicondyle, and attaches to the posterior and lateral part of the olecranon.
  • Stablises the …
  • Innervation: … nerve.
A
  • Superior, posterior forearm muscle
  • Originates from the lateral epicondyle, and attaches to the posterior and lateral part of the olecranon.
  • Stablises the elbow
  • Innervation: Radial nerve.
54
Q

Anconeus

  • …, posterior forearm muscle
  • Originates from the lateral epicondyle, and attaches to the posterior and lateral part of the olecranon.
  • … the elbow
  • Innervation: Radial nerve.
A
  • Superior, posterior forearm muscle
  • Originates from the lateral epicondyle, and attaches to the posterior and lateral part of the olecranon.
  • Stablises the elbow
  • Innervation: Radial nerve.
55
Q

Label the Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Forearm

A
56
Q

Label the Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Forearm

A
57
Q

Label the Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Forearm

A
58
Q

Posterior, Deep layer of forearm

  • Do not come from the … … origin - come from radius, ulna or interosseous membrane
  • Supinator
    • Large muscle, supinates the forearm
  • Abductor Pollicis Longus
    • Abductor of thumb, inserts into … metacarpal
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis
    • Short extensor of thumb, tendon inserts into proximal phalanx of the thumb
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus
    • Long extensor of thumb, tendon inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb
      • (Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis both contribute to the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox & Extensor Pollicis Longus contributes to medial border of the anatomical snuffbox)
  • Extensor Indicis
    • Accessory to extensor digitorum
A
  • Do not come from the common extensor origin - come from radius, ulna or interosseous membrane
  • Supinator
    • Large muscle, supinates the forearm
  • Abductor Pollicis Longus
    • Abductor of thumb, inserts into 1st metacarpal
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis
    • Short extensor of thumb, tendon inserts into proximal phalanx of the thumb
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus
    • Long extensor of thumb, tendon inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb
      • (Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis both contribute to the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox & Extensor Pollicis Longus contributes to medial border of the anatomical snuffbox)
  • Extensor Indicis
    • Accessory to extensor digitorum
59
Q

Posterior, Deep layer of forearm

  • Do not come from the … … origin - come from radius, ulna or interosseous membrane
  • Supinator
    • Large muscle, supinates the forearm
  • Abductor Pollicis Longus
    • Abductor of thumb, inserts into 1st metacarpal
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis
    • Short extensor of thumb, tendon inserts into … phalanx of the thumb
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus
    • Long extensor of thumb, tendon inserts into … phalanx of the thumb
      • (Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis both contribute to the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox & Extensor Pollicis Longus contributes to medial border of the anatomical snuffbox)
  • Extensor Indicis
    • Accessory to extensor digitorum
A
  • Do not come from the common extensor origin - come from radius, ulna or interosseous membrane
  • Supinator
    • Large muscle, supinates the forearm
  • Abductor Pollicis Longus
    • Abductor of thumb, inserts into 1st metacarpal
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis
    • Short extensor of thumb, tendon inserts into proximal phalanx of the thumb
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus
    • Long extensor of thumb, tendon inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb
      • (Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis both contribute to the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox & Extensor Pollicis Longus contributes to medial border of the anatomical snuffbox)
  • Extensor Indicis
    • Accessory to extensor digitorum
60
Q

Posterior, Deep layer of forearm

  • Abductor Pollicis Longus
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus
    • (Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis both contribute to the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox & Extensor Pollicis Longus contributes to medial border of the anatomical snuffbox)
  • Supinator​
  • Extensor Indicis
    • Accessory to extensor digitorum
A
  • Do not come from the common extensor origin - come from radius, ulna or interosseous membrane
  • Supinator
    • Large muscle, supinates the forearm
  • Abductor Pollicis Longus
    • Abductor of thumb, inserts into 1st metacarpal
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis
    • Short extensor of thumb, tendon inserts into proximal phalanx of the thumb
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus
    • Long extensor of thumb, tendon inserts into distal phalanx of the thumb
      • (Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis both contribute to the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox & Extensor Pollicis Longus contributes to medial border of the anatomical snuffbox)
  • Extensor Indicis
    • Accessory to extensor digitorum
61
Q

Posterior, Deep layer of forearm

  • Label the diagram
A
62
Q

Posterior, Deep layer of forearm

  • Label the diagram
A
63
Q

Wrist abduction and adduction

  • Performed by the … muscles
    • Abduction (radial deviation):
      • Produced by the flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (Insert into bases of metacarpal bones 2 or 3)
    • Adduction (ulnar deviation):
      • Produced by the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris (towards 5th metacarpal)
  • Together muscles splint the wrist to allow fine movements of the hand
A
  • Performed by the carpi muscles
    • Abduction (radial deviation):
      • Produced by the flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (Insert into bases of metacarpal bones 2 or 3)
    • Adduction (ulnar deviation):
      • Produced by the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris (towards 5th metacarpal)
  • Together muscles splint the wrist to allow fine movements of the hand
64
Q

Wrist abduction and adduction

  • Performed by the carpi muscles
    • … (radial deviation):
      • Produced by the flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (Insert into bases of metacarpal bones 2 or 3)
    • … (ulnar deviation):
      • Produced by the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris (towards 5th metacarpal)
  • Together muscles splint the wrist to allow fine movements of the hand
A
  • Performed by the carpi muscles
    • Abduction (radial deviation):
      • Produced by the flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (Insert into bases of metacarpal bones 2 or 3)
    • Adduction (ulnar deviation):
      • Produced by the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris (towards 5th metacarpal)
  • Together muscles splint the wrist to allow fine movements of the hand
65
Q

Wrist abduction and adduction

  • Performed by the … muscles
    • Abduction (… deviation):
      • Produced by the flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (Insert into bases of metacarpal bones 2 or 3)
    • Adduction (… deviation):
      • Produced by the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris (towards 5th metacarpal)
  • Together muscles splint the wrist to allow fine movements of the hand
A
  • Performed by the carpi muscles
    • Abduction (radial deviation):
      • Produced by the flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (Insert into bases of metacarpal bones 2 or 3)
    • Adduction (ulnar deviation):
      • Produced by the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris (towards 5th metacarpal)
  • Together muscles splint the wrist to allow fine movements of the hand
66
Q

Abduction of the wrist (radial deviation):

  • Produced by the … carpi …, … carpi … longus and brevis (Insert into bases of metacarpal bones .. or ..)
A
  • Produced by the flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (Insert into bases of metacarpal bones 2 or 3)
67
Q

Adduction of the wrist (ulnar deviation):

  • Produced by the … carpi … and … carpi … (towards ..th metacarpal)
A
  • Produced by the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris (towards 5th metacarpal)
68
Q

Pronation and supination of forearm

  • What muscles are involved in pronation? (2)
  • What muscles are involved in supination? (2)
A
  • Supination - Supinator and Biceps brachii
  • Pronation - Pronator teres and Pronator quadratus
69
Q

Pronation and supination of forearm

  • What muscles are involved in pronation? (2)
  • What muscles are involved in supination? (2)
A
  • Supination - Supinator and Biceps brachii
  • Pronation - Pronator teres and Pronator quadratus
70
Q

Pronation and supination of the forearm

  • Label the diagram
A
71
Q

Pronation and supination of the forearm

  • Supination - palms up
    • Radius and ulna sit …
  • Pronation - palms down
    • … stationary - … rotates and crosses over the top of …
A
  • Supination - palms up
    • Radius and ulna sit parallel / lie parallel to one another
  • Pronation - palms down
    • Ulna stationary - radius rotates and crosses over the top of ulna
72
Q

Pronation and supination of the forearm

  • Supination - palms …
    • Radius and ulna sit parallel
  • Pronation - palms …
    • ulna stationary - radius rotates and crosses over the top of ulna
A
  • Supination - palms up
    • Radius and ulna sit parallel / lie parallel to one another
  • Pronation - palms down
    • Ulna stationary - radius rotates and crosses over the top of ulna
73
Q

During pronation of the wrist, the … rotates over the …

A

During pronation of the wrist, the radius rotates over the ulna

74
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

  • It is formed by an articulation between the head of the radius and the radial … of the ulna.
  • The radial head is held in place by the … radial ligament
  • Movement is produced by the head of the radius rotating within the … ligament. There are two movements possible at this joint; pronation and supination.
  • Pronation: Produced by the pronator … and pronator …
  • Supination: Produced by the supinator and … brachii.
A
  • It is formed by an articulation between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna.
  • The radial head is held in place by the annular radial ligament,
  • Movement is produced by the head of the radius rotating within the annular ligament. There are two movements possible at this joint; pronation and supination.
  • Pronation: Produced by the pronator quadratus and pronator teres.
  • Supination: Produced by the supinator and biceps brachii.
75
Q

What muscles are able to pronate the forearm?

A

Pronator teres and Pronator Quadratus

76
Q

What muscles are able to supinate the forearm?

A

Supinator and biceps brachii

77
Q

Carpal tunnel and flexor retinaculum

  • Roof is formed by the flexor … (transverse carpal ligament)
  • Carpal tunnel floor formed by carpal bones
  • The carpal tunnel contains a total of 9 tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths, and the … nerve.
    • Flexor policis longus tendon
    • Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4)
    • Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (4)
A
  • Roof is formed by the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
  • Carpal tunnel floor formed by carpal bones
  • The carpal tunnel contains a total of 9 tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths, and the median nerve.
    • Flexor policis longus tendon
    • Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4)
    • Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (4)
78
Q

Carpal tunnel and flexor retinaculum

  • Roof is formed by the flexor retinaculum (… carpal ligament)
  • Carpal tunnel floor formed by carpal bones
  • The carpal tunnel contains a total of … tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths, and the median nerve.
    • Flexor policis longus tendon
    • Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (…)
    • Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (…)
A
  • Roof is formed by the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
  • Carpal tunnel floor formed by carpal bones
  • The carpal tunnel contains a total of 9 tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths, and the median nerve.
    • Flexor policis longus tendon
    • Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4)
    • Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (4)
79
Q

Carpal tunnel and flexor retinaculum

  • Roof is formed by the flexor … (transverse carpal ligament)
  • Carpal tunnel floor formed by carpal bones
  • The carpal tunnel contains a total of 9 tendons, surrounded by … sheaths, and the median nerve.
    • Flexor policis longus tendon
    • Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4)
    • Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (4)
A
  • Roof is formed by the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
  • Carpal tunnel floor formed by carpal bones
  • The carpal tunnel contains a total of 9 tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths, and the median nerve.
    • Flexor policis longus tendon
    • Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4)
    • Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (4)
80
Q

Carpal tunnel and flexor retinaculum

  • Roof is formed by the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
  • Carpal tunnel floor formed by carpal bones
  • The carpal tunnel contains a total of 9 tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths, and the …. nerve.
    • Flexor policis longus tendon
    • Flexor digitorum … tendons (4)
    • Flexor digitorum … tendons (4)
A
  • Roof is formed by the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
  • Carpal tunnel floor formed by carpal bones
  • The carpal tunnel contains a total of 9 tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths, and the median nerve.
    • Flexor policis longus tendon
    • Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4)
    • Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (4)
81
Q

Carpal tunnel and flexor retinaculum

  • Fill in the blanks
A
82
Q

The carpal tunnel contains a total of 9 tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths, and the …. nerve.

A

The carpal tunnel contains a total of 9 tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths, and the median nerve.

83
Q

What nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

The median nerve

84
Q

Extensor retinaculum

  • … side of wrist
  • Prevents … of tendons
  • … tendons into compartments
A
  • Posterior side of wrist
  • Prevents bowing of tendons
  • Separates tendons into compartments
85
Q

Long tendon insertions

  • Tendons to digits …-…
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis - forms a chiasm (crosses Flexor digitorum profundus) before it splits Into middle phalanx
  • Flexor digitorum profundus - inserts into distal phalanx
  • Extensor digitorum - as it crosses metacarpophalangeal joint it forms the extensor hood - inserts into middle + distal phalanx
A
  • Tendons to digits 2 – 5
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis - forms a chiasm (crosses Flexor digitorum profundus) before it splits Into middle phalanx
  • Flexor digitorum profundus - inserts into distal phalanx
  • Extensor digitorum - as it crosses metacarpophalangeal joint it forms the extensor hood - inserts into middle + distal phalanx
86
Q

Long tendon insertions

  • Tendons to digits …-…
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis - forms a chiasm (crosses Flexor digitorum profundus) before it splits Into … phalanx
  • Flexor digitorum profundus - inserts into … phalanx
  • Extensor digitorum - as it crosses metacarpophalangeal joint it forms the extensor hood - inserts into middle + distal phalanx
A
  • Tendons to digits 2 – 5
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis - forms a chiasm (crosses Flexor digitorum profundus) before it splits Into middle phalanx
  • Flexor digitorum profundus - inserts into distal phalanx
  • Extensor digitorum - as it crosses metacarpophalangeal joint it forms the extensor hood - inserts into middle + distal phalanx
87
Q

Long tendon insertions (forearm)

  • Label the tendons
A
88
Q

Cubital fossa

  • Triangle region over anterior elbow:
    • Lateral border – … muscle.
    • Medial border – … … muscle.
    • Superior border – horizontal line drawn between the epicondyles of the humerus.
  • Floor – brachialis muscle
  • Contains the radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery and median nerve
A
  • Triangle region over anterior elbow:
    • Lateral border – brachioradialis muscle.
    • Medial border – pronator teres muscle.
    • Superior border – horizontal line drawn between the epicondyles of the humerus.
  • Floor – brachialis muscle
  • Contains the radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery and median nerve
89
Q

Cubital fossa

  • Triangle region over anterior elbow:
    • Lateral border – brachioradialis muscle.
    • Medial border – pronator teres muscle.
    • Superior border – horizontal line drawn between the … of the humerus.
  • Floor – … muscle
  • Contains the radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery and median nerve
A
  • Triangle region over anterior elbow:
    • Lateral border – brachioradialis muscle.
    • Medial border – pronator teres muscle.
    • Superior border – horizontal line drawn between the epicondyles of the humerus.
  • Floor – brachialis muscle
  • Contains the radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery and median nerve
90
Q

Cubital fossa

  • Triangle region over anterior elbow:
    • Lateral border – brachioradialis muscle.
    • Medial border – pronator teres muscle.
    • Superior border – horizontal line drawn between the epicondyles of the humerus.
  • Floor – brachialis muscle
  • Contains the … nerve, … tendon, … artery and … nerve
A
  • Triangle region over anterior elbow:
    • Lateral border – brachioradialis muscle.
    • Medial border – pronator teres muscle.
    • Superior border – horizontal line drawn between the epicondyles of the humerus.
  • Floor – brachialis muscle
  • Contains the radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery and median nerve
91
Q

Cubital fossa

  • Triangle region over anterior elbow:
    • … border – brachioradialis muscle.
    • … border – pronator teres muscle.
    • … border – horizontal line drawn between the epicondyles of the humerus.
  • Floor – brachialis muscle
  • Contains the radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery and median nerve
A
  • Triangle region over anterior elbow:
    • Lateral border – brachioradialis muscle.
    • Medial border – pronator teres muscle.
    • Superior border – horizontal line drawn between the epicondyles of the humerus.
  • Floor – brachialis muscle
  • Contains the radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery and median nerve
92
Q

Cubital Fossa - Contents

  • The cubital fossa is a passageway for structures to pass between the upper arm and forearm - Its contents are (lateral to medial):
    • Radial nerve – travels along the lateral border of the cubital fossa and divides into … and … branches
    • Biceps tendon – passes centrally through the cubital fossa and attaches the radial … (immediately distal to the radial neck).
      • It gives rise to the bicipital aponeurosis which contributes to the roof of the cubital fossa.
    • Brachial artery – bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the apex of the cubital fossa
    • Median nerve – travels medially through the cubital fossa, exiting by passing between the two heads of the pronator teres
A
  • The cubital fossa is a passageway for structures to pass between the upper arm and forearm - Its contents are (lateral to medial):
    • Radial nerve – travels along the lateral border of the cubital fossa and divides into superficial and deep branches
    • Biceps tendon – passes centrally through the cubital fossa and attaches the radial tuberosity (immediately distal to the radial neck).
      • It gives rise to the bicipital aponeurosis which contributes to the roof of the cubital fossa.
    • Brachial artery – bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the apex of the cubital fossa
    • Median nerve – travels medially through the cubital fossa, exiting by passing between the two heads of the pronator teres
93
Q

Cubital Fossa - Contents

  • The cubital fossa is a passageway for structures to pass between the upper arm and forearm - Its contents are (lateral to medial):
    • Radial nerve – travels along the lateral border of the cubital fossa and divides into superficial and deep branches
    • Biceps tendon – passes centrally through the cubital fossa and attaches the radial tuberosity (immediately distal to the radial neck).
      • It gives rise to the bicipital … which contributes to the roof of the cubital fossa.
    • Brachial artery – bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the apex of the cubital fossa
    • Median nerve – travels medially through the cubital fossa, exiting by passing between the two heads of the … teres
A
  • The cubital fossa is a passageway for structures to pass between the upper arm and forearm - Its contents are (lateral to medial):
    • Radial nerve – travels along the lateral border of the cubital fossa and divides into superficial and deep branches
    • Biceps tendon – passes centrally through the cubital fossa and attaches the radial tuberosity (immediately distal to the radial neck).
      • It gives rise to the bicipital aponeurosis which contributes to the roof of the cubital fossa.
    • Brachial artery – bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the apex of the cubital fossa
    • Median nerve – travels medially through the cubital fossa, exiting by passing between the two heads of the pronator teres
94
Q

Cubital Fossa - Contents

  • The cubital fossa is a passageway for structures to pass between the upper arm and forearm - Its contents are (lateral to medial):
    • … nerve – travels along the lateral border of the cubital fossa and divides into superficial and deep branches
    • Biceps tendon – passes centrally through the cubital fossa and attaches the radial tuberosity (immediately distal to the radial neck).
      • It gives rise to the bicipital aponeurosis which contributes to the roof of the cubital fossa.
    • Brachial artery – bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the apex of the cubital fossa
    • … nerve – travels medially through the cubital fossa, exiting by passing between the two heads of the pronator teres
A
  • The cubital fossa is a passageway for structures to pass between the upper arm and forearm - Its contents are (lateral to medial):
    • Radial nerve – travels along the lateral border of the cubital fossa and divides into superficial and deep branches
    • Biceps tendon – passes centrally through the cubital fossa and attaches the radial tuberosity (immediately distal to the radial neck).
      • It gives rise to the bicipital aponeurosis which contributes to the roof of the cubital fossa.
    • Brachial artery – bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the apex of the cubital fossa
    • Median nerve – travels medially through the cubital fossa, exiting by passing between the two heads of the pronator teres
95
Q

Cubital Fossa - Contents

  • The cubital fossa is a passageway for structures to pass between the upper arm and forearm - Its contents are (lateral to medial):
    • Radial nerve – travels along the lateral border of the cubital fossa and divides into superficial and deep branches
    • Biceps tendon – passes centrally through the cubital fossa and attaches the radial tuberosity (immediately distal to the radial neck).
      • It gives rise to the bicipital aponeurosis which contributes to the roof of the cubital fossa.
    • Brachial artery – bifurcates into the … and … arteries at the apex of the cubital fossa
    • Median nerve – travels medially through the cubital fossa, exiting by passing between the two heads of the pronator teres
A
  • The cubital fossa is a passageway for structures to pass between the upper arm and forearm - Its contents are (lateral to medial):
    • Radial nerve – travels along the lateral border of the cubital fossa and divides into superficial and deep branches
    • Biceps tendon – passes centrally through the cubital fossa and attaches the radial tuberosity (immediately distal to the radial neck).
      • It gives rise to the bicipital aponeurosis which contributes to the roof of the cubital fossa.
    • Brachial artery – bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the apex of the cubital fossa
    • Median nerve – travels medially through the cubital fossa, exiting by passing between the two heads of the pronator teres
96
Q

Mnemonic for contents of the cubital fossa – Really Need (… …) Beer To (… …) Be At (… …) My Nicest (… …)

A

Mnemonic for contents of the cubital fossa – Really Need (radial nerve) Beer To (biceps tendon) Be At (brachial artery) My Nicest (median nerve).

97
Q

Mnemonic for contents of the cubital fossa – Really Need (… …) Beer To (… …) Be At (… …) My Nicest (… …)

A

Mnemonic for contents of the cubital fossa – Really Need (radial nerve) Beer To (biceps tendon) Be At (brachial artery) My Nicest (median nerve).

98
Q

Contents of cubital fossa

  • Label the diagram
A
99
Q

The Median cubital vein is important for what?

A

Important for venepuncture

100
Q

What vein do you usually try to take blood from?

A

median cubital vein

101
Q

The … … vein is important for venepuncture

A

median cubital vein

102
Q

Arterial supply to the forearm

  • Cubital fossa - … artery divides into:
    • Radial artery
      • Under …
    • Ulnar artery
      • Under … carpi ulnaris
      • Gives off common …
  • Anastomosis around elbow joint
A
  • Cubital fossa - Brachial artery divides into:
    • Radial artery
      • Under brachioradialis
    • Ulnar artery
      • Under flexor carpi ulnaris
      • Gives off common interosseous
  • Anastomosis around elbow joint
103
Q

Arterial supply to the forearm

  • Cubital fossa - brachial artery divides into:
    • … artery
      • Under brachioradialis
    • … artery
      • Under flexor carpi …
      • Gives off common interosseous
  • Anastomosis around elbow joint
A
  • Cubital fossa - Brachial artery divides into:
    • Radial artery
      • Under brachioradialis
    • Ulnar artery
      • Under flexor carpi ulnaris
      • Gives off common interosseous
  • Anastomosis around elbow joint
104
Q

The forearm region is thus supplied by two major vessels, the radial artery and ulnar artery. These arteries originate from the … artery at the apex of the … …, with the radial artery descending through the … part of the forearm and the ulnar artery through the … part.

A

The forearm region is thus supplied by two major vessels, the radial arteryand ulnar artery. These arteries originate from the brachial artery at the apex of the cubital fossa, with the radial artery descending through the lateral part of the forearm and the ulnar artery through the medial part.

105
Q

Radial artery

  • Giving the radial recurrent artery, palmar carpal branch and superficial carpal branch
  • Proximally, the artery lies deep to the … muscle while distally it is only covered by fascia and skin.
  • At the wrist, the radial artery goes around it laterally and then travels across the floor of the … … to the palm of the hand
  • Deep palmar arch anastomoses with deep ulnar artery
A
  • Giving the radial recurrent artery, palmar carpal branch and superficial carpal branch
  • Proximally, the artery lies deep to the brachioradialis muscle while distally it is only covered by fascia and skin.
  • At the wrist, the radial artery goes around it laterally and then travels across the floor of the anatomical snuffbox to the palm of the hand
  • Deep palmar arch anastomoses with deep ulnar artery
106
Q

Ulnar artery

  • Ulnar artery heading …
  • Gives off … … artery - divides into … … artery (Deep) and … … artery (Supplies blood to extensor artery)
  • Sits beside ulnar nerve and under … … ulnaris muscle
A
  • Ulnar artery heading medially
  • Gives off common interosseous artery - divides into anterior interosseous artery (Deep) and posterior interosseous artery (Supplies blood to extensor artery)
  • Sits beside ulnar nerve and under flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
107
Q

Nerve supply to the Forearm

  • … nerve through cubital fossa
  • … nerve popping out from under cubital tunnel
  • … nerve under biceps
  • … nerve - gives rise to the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm, which innervates the lateral aspect of the forearm (sensory functions)
A
  • Median nerve through cubital fossa
  • Ulnar nerve popping out from under cubital tunnel
  • Radial nerve under biceps
  • Musculocutaneous nerve - gives rise to the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm, which innervates the lateral aspect of the forearm (sensory functions)
108
Q

Median nerve - Forearm

  • Enters forearm - Travels between Flexor digitorum … and Flexor digitorum …
  • Branch - anterior interosseous nerve (to deep flexors)
  • Supplies all of anterior compartment muscle except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 2 bellies of flexor digitorum profundus
  • Then passes through carpal tunnel
    • Supplies the intrinsic muscles associated with the thumb and lateral side of the hand
    • Within the hand - supplies lateral palm skin and of digit 1,2,3 and half of 4
    • Clinical - median nerve compression = carpal tunnel syndrome
A
  • Enters forearm - Travels between Flexor digitorum superficialis and Flexor digitorum profundus
  • Branch - anterior interosseous nerve (to deep flexors)
  • Supplies all of anterior compartment muscle except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 2 bellies of flexor digitorum profundus
  • Then passes through carpal tunnel
    • Supplies the intrinsic muscles associated with the thumb and lateral side of the hand
    • Within the hand - supplies lateral palm skin and of digit 1,2,3 and half of 4
    • Clinical - median nerve compression = carpal tunnel syndrome
109
Q

Median nerve - Forearm

  • Enters forearm - Travels between Flexor digitorum superficialis and Flexor digitorum profundus
  • Branch - … … nerve (to deep flexors)
  • Supplies all of anterior compartment muscle except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 2 bellies of flexor digitorum profundus
  • Then passes through … …
    • Supplies the intrinsic muscles associated with the thumb and lateral side of the hand
    • Within the hand - supplies lateral palm skin and of digit 1,2,3 and half of 4
    • Clinical - median nerve compression = … … …
A
  • Enters forearm - Travels between Flexor digitorum superficialis and Flexor digitorum profundus
  • Branch - anterior interosseous nerve (to deep flexors)
  • Supplies all of anterior compartment muscle except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 2 bellies of flexor digitorum profundus
  • Then passes through carpal tunnel
    • Supplies the intrinsic muscles associated with the thumb and lateral side of the hand
    • Within the hand - supplies lateral palm skin and of digit 1,2,3 and half of 4
    • Clinical - median nerve compression = carpal tunnel syndrome
110
Q

In the hand, the median nerve supplies the skin of what digits?

A

1,2,3 and half of 4

111
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - What causes it?

A

Median nerve compression - due to increased pressure in the carpal tunnel - associated with trauma, obesity, pregnancy

112
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome associated with? (3 things)

A

Median nerve compression - due to increased pressure in the carpal tunnel - associated with trauma, obesity, pregnancy

113
Q

Ulnar nerve - Forearm

  • It passes posterior to the elbow through the … (…) tunnel (small space between the medial epicondyle and olecranon).
  • Sits between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus
  • Giving off branches to Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part of flexor digitorum profundus
  • Enters hand on medial side - passing through Guyon’s canal
  • Supplying intrinsic muscles (medial side including 1/2 D4 and D5)
  • Clinical - Cubital tunnel syndrome - compression of ulnar nerve through the tunnel - radiating pain into little finger and half of D4
A
  • It passes posterior to the elbow through the cubital (ulnar) tunnel (small space between the medial epicondyle and olecranon).
  • Sits between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus
  • Giving off branches to Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part of flexor digitorum profundus
  • Enters hand on medial side - passing through Guyon’s canal
  • Supplying intrinsic muscles (medial side including 1/2 D4 and D5)
  • Clinical - Cubital tunnel syndrome - compression of ulnar nerve through the tunnel - radiating pain into little finger and half of D4
114
Q

Ulnar nerve - Forearm

  • It passes posterior to the elbow through the … (…) tunnel (small space between the medial epicondyle and olecranon).
  • Sits between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus
  • Giving off branches to Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part of flexor digitorum profundus
  • Enters hand on medial side - passing through … canal
  • Supplying intrinsic muscles (medial side including digits …)
  • Clinical - Cubital tunnel syndrome - compression of ulnar nerve through the tunnel - radiating pain into …
A
  • It passes posterior to the elbow through the cubital (ulnar) tunnel (small space between the medial epicondyle and olecranon).
  • Sits between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus
  • Giving off branches to Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part of flexor digitorum profundus
  • Enters hand on medial side - passing through Guyon’s canal
  • Supplying intrinsic muscles (medial side including 1/2 D4 and D5)
  • Clinical - Cubital tunnel syndrome - compression of ulnar nerve through the tunnel - radiating pain into little finger and half of D4
115
Q

What is Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Compression of ulnar nerve through the tunnel - causing radiating pain into little finger and half of D4

116
Q

Radial nerve - Forearm

  • Enters forearm on lateral side under …
  • Divides into two branches:
    • Superficial branch (…)
      • Under brachioradialis
      • Winds round to dorsum of hand
    • Deep branch - posterior interosseous nerve (…)
      • Passes through supinator muscle
      • Enters extensor compartment
A
  • Enters forearm on lateral side under brachioradialis
  • Divides into two branches:
    • Superficial branch (Sensory)
      • Under brachioradialis
      • Winds round to dorsum of hand
    • Deep branch - posterior interosseous nerve (motor)
      • Passes through supinator muscle
      • Enters extensor compartment
117
Q

Radial nerve - Forearm

  • Enters forearm on lateral side under …
  • Divides into two branches:
    • Superficial branch (Sensory)
      • Under brachioradialis
      • Winds round to … of hand
    • Deep branch - posterior interosseous nerve (motor)
      • Passes through … muscle
      • Enters extensor compartment
A
  • Enters forearm on lateral side under brachioradialis
  • Divides into two branches:
    • Superficial branch (Sensory)
      • Under brachioradialis
      • Winds round to dorsum of hand
    • Deep branch - posterior interosseous nerve (motor)
      • Passes through supinator muscle
      • Enters extensor compartment
118
Q

Radial nerve - Forearm

  • Enters forearm on lateral side under …
  • Divides into two branches:
    • Superficial branch (Sensory)
      • Under brachioradialis
      • Winds round to dorsum of hand
    • Deep branch - … … nerve (motor)
      • Passes through supinator muscle
      • Enters … compartment
A
  • Enters forearm on lateral side under brachioradialis
  • Divides into two branches:
    • Superficial branch (Sensory)
      • Under brachioradialis
      • Winds round to dorsum of hand
    • Deep branch - posterior interosseous nerve (motor)
      • Passes through supinator muscle
      • Enters extensor compartment
119
Q

When the deep branch of the radial nerve penetrates the supinator muscle of the forearm, it is termed the … … nerve for the remainder of its course.

A

When the deep branch of the radial nerve penetrates the supinator muscle of the forearm, it is termed the posterior interosseous nerve for the remainder of its course.

120
Q

Radial Nerve - Forearm innervation

  • Motor: … branch supplies posterior compartment muscles
  • Sensory: … branch supplies dorsolateral aspect of the hand
A
  • Motor: Deep branch supplies posterior compartment muscles
  • Sensory: Superficial branch supplies dorsolateral aspect of the hand
121
Q

Radial Nerve - Forearm innervation

  • Motor: Deep branch supplies … compartment muscles
  • Sensory: Superficial branch supplies … aspect of the hand
A
  • Motor: Deep branch supplies posterior compartment muscles
  • Sensory: Superficial branch supplies dorsolateral aspect of the hand
122
Q

What is Wrist Drop? What nerve is involved?

A

Radial nerve injured (often within arm spiral groove) - affects function of extensor muscles in forearm - hand remains in flexed posture - unable to extend at wrist joint

123
Q

Cutaneous innervation

  • Label the forearm cutaneous innervation
A

Year 2 Medicine (162 decks)

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