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Year 2 Medicine > Principles of Articulation > Flashcards

Principles of Articulation Flashcards

1
Q

Articulation =

A

a joint

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2
Q

Joint =

A

From latin junctura - a joining

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3
Q

Arthrosis: An arthrosis is a …

A

Arthrosis: An arthrosis is a joint

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4
Q

An articulation or joint or arthrosis is a point of contact between:

A
  • neighbouring bones
  • bone and cartilage
  • bone and teeth
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5
Q

Joint classification - Structural classification

  • Presence or absence of a … cavity and the type of connective tissue
  • Described as either fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial
A
  • Presence or absence of a synovial cavity and the type of connective tissue
  • Described as either fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial
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6
Q

Joint classification - Structural classification

  • Presence or absence of a synovial cavity and the type of connective tissue
  • Described as either f… , c… or s…
A
  • Presence or absence of a synovial cavity and the type of connective tissue
  • Described as either fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial
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7
Q

Joint classification - Functional classification

  • Based on the degree of … permitted:
    • Synarthrosis (immovable)
      • Amphiarthrosis (partially moveable)
      • Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
A
  • Based on the degree of movement permitted:
    • Synarthrosis (immovable)
      • Amphiarthrosis (partially moveable)
      • Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
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8
Q

Joint classification - Functional classification

  • Based on the degree of movement permitted:
    • … (immovable)
      • Amphiarthrosis (partially moveable)
      • Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
A
  • Based on the degree of movement permitted:
    • Synarthrosis (immovable)
      • Amphiarthrosis (partially moveable)
      • Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
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9
Q

Joint classification - Functional classification

  • Based on the degree of movement permitted:
    • Synarthrosis (immovable)
      • … (partially moveable)
      • Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
A
  • Based on the degree of movement permitted:
    • Synarthrosis (immovable)
      • Amphiarthrosis (partially moveable)
      • Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
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10
Q

Joint classification - Functional classification

  • Based on the degree of movement permitted:
    • Synarthrosis (immovable)
      • Amphiarthrosis (partially moveable)
      • … (freely moveable)
A
  • Based on the degree of movement permitted:
    • Synarthrosis (immovable)
      • Amphiarthrosis (partially moveable)
      • Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
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11
Q

Joint classification - Functional classification

  • Based on the degree of movement permitted:
    • Synarthrosis (…)
      • Amphiarthrosis (partially moveable)
      • Diarthrosis (… moveable)
A
  • Based on the degree of movement permitted:
    • Synarthrosis (immovable)
      • Amphiarthrosis (partially moveable)
      • Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
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12
Q

Joint classification - Functional classification

  • Based on the degree of movement permitted:
    • Synarthrosis (immovable)
      • Amphiarthrosis (… moveable)
      • Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
A
  • Based on the degree of movement permitted:
    • Synarthrosis (immovable)
      • Amphiarthrosis (partially moveable)
      • Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
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13
Q

Fibrous Joints

  • No … cavity
  • Held together by a fibrous … tissue
  • Permits little or no movement (synarthrosis/amphiarthrosis)
  • Three types of fibrous joint:
    • 1) Suture
    • 2) Syndesmosis
    • 3) Interosseous membrane
A
  • No synovial cavity
  • Held together by a fibrous connective tissue
  • Permits little or no movement (synarthrosis/amphiarthrosis)
  • Three types of fibrous joint:
    • 1) Suture
    • 2) Syndesmosis
    • 3) Interosseous membrane
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14
Q

Fibrous Joints

  • No synovial cavity
  • Held together by a fibrous connective tissue
  • Permits little or no movement (termed…/…)
  • Three types of fibrous joint:
    • 1) Suture
    • 2) Syndesmosis
    • 3) Interosseous membrane
A
  • No synovial cavity
  • Held together by a fibrous connective tissue
  • Permits little or no movement (synarthrosis/amphiarthrosis)
  • Three types of fibrous joint:
    • 1) Suture
    • 2) Syndesmosis
    • 3) Interosseous membrane
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15
Q

What movement do fibrous joints permit?

A

little or no movement - synarthrosis/amphiarthrosis

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16
Q

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

A

Suture, Syndesmosis, Interosseous membrane

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17
Q

Fibrous joints - Suture

  • Unite … bones
  • Thin layer of dense connective tissue
  • Irregular
  • Interlocking edges provide strength, permit no movement (Synarthrosis)
  • Ossification of a suture forms a synostosis
    • e.g left and right sides of frontal bones fuse - 6yrs of age
A
  • Unite skull bones
  • Thin layer of dense connective tissue
  • Irregular
  • Interlocking edges provide strength, permit no movement (Synarthrosis)
  • Ossification of a suture forms a synostosis
    • e.g left and right sides of frontal bones fuse - 6yrs of age
      *
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18
Q

Fibrous joints - Suture

  • Unite skull bones
  • … layer of dense connective tissue
  • … in shape
  • Interlocking edges provide strength, permit no movement (Synarthrosis)
  • Ossification of a suture forms a synostosis
    • e.g left and right sides of frontal bones fuse - 6yrs of age
A
  • Unite skull bones
  • Thin layer of dense connective tissue
  • Irregular
  • Interlocking edges provide strength, permit no movement (Synarthrosis)
  • Ossification of a suture forms a synostosis
    • e.g left and right sides of frontal bones fuse - 6yrs of age
      *
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19
Q

Fibrous joints - Suture

  • Unite skull bones
  • Thin layer of dense connective tissue
  • Irregular
  • … edges provide …, permit no movement (Synarthrosis)
  • Ossification of a suture forms a synostosis
    • e.g left and right sides of frontal bones fuse - 6yrs of age
A
  • Unite skull bones
  • Thin layer of dense connective tissue
  • Irregular
  • Interlocking edges provide strength, permit no movement (Synarthrosis)
  • Ossification of a suture forms a synostosis
    • e.g left and right sides of frontal bones fuse - 6yrs of age
      *
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20
Q

Fibrous joints - Suture

  • Unite skull bones
  • Thin layer of dense connective tissue
  • Irregular
  • Interlocking edges provide strength, permit no movement (…)
  • … of a suture forms a synostosis
    • e.g left and right sides of frontal bones fuse - 6yrs of age
A
  • Unite skull bones
  • Thin layer of dense connective tissue
  • Irregular
  • Interlocking edges provide strength, permit no movement (Synarthrosis)
  • Ossification of a suture forms a synostosis
    • e.g left and right sides of frontal bones fuse - 6yrs of age
      *
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21
Q

Ossification of a suture forms a …

A

synostosis

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22
Q

suture fibrous joints unite … bones

A

skull bones

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23
Q

Fibrous joints - Syndesmosis

  • … connective tissue than seen in a suture
  • Crosses a … density than a suture
  • Connective tissue typically arranged into bundles (ligament)
  • Typically permit slight movement (…)
    • examples - anterior tibiofibular ligament and gomphosis joint, also known as a dentoalveolar
A
  • More connective tissue than seen in a suture
  • Crosses a greater density than a suture
  • Connective tissue typically arranged into bundles (ligament)
  • Typically permit slight movement (amphiarthrosis)
    • examples - anterior tibiofibular ligament and gomphosis joint, also known as a dentoalveolar
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24
Q

Fibrous joints - Syndesmosis

  • More connective tissue than seen in a suture
  • Crosses a greater density than a suture
  • Connective tissue typically arranged into bundles (…)
  • Typically permit … movement (amphiarthrosis)
  • examples - anterior tibiofibular ligament and gomphosis joint, also known as a dentoalveolar
A
  • More connective tissue than seen in a suture
  • Crosses a greater density than a suture
  • Connective tissue typically arranged into bundles (ligament)
  • Typically permit slight movement (amphiarthrosis)
  • examples - anterior tibiofibular ligament and gomphosis joint, also known as a dentoalveolar
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25
_Fibrous joints - Syndesmosis_ * More connective tissue than seen in a suture * Crosses a greater density than a suture * Connective tissue typically arranged into bundles (ligament) * Typically permit slight movement (amphiarthrosis) * examples - anterior ... ligament and ... joint, also known as a dentoalveolar
* More connective tissue than seen in a suture * Crosses a greater density than a suture * Connective tissue typically arranged into bundles (ligament) * Typically permit slight movement (amphiarthrosis) * examples - anterior **tibiofibular** ligament and **gomphosis** joint, also known as a dentoalveolar
26
_Fibrous joints - Syndesmosis_ * More connective tissue than seen in a ... * Crosses a greater density than a ... * Connective tissue typically arranged into bundles (ligament) * Typically permit slight movement (amphiarthrosis) * examples - anterior tibiofibular ligament and gomphosis joint, also known as a dentoalveolar
* More connective tissue than seen in a **suture** * Crosses a greater density than a **suture** * Connective tissue typically arranged into bundles (ligament) * Typically permit slight movement (amphiarthrosis) * examples - anterior tibiofibular ligament and gomphosis joint, also known as a dentoalveolar
27
_Fibrous joints - Interosseous membranes_ * ... of dense connective tissue * Binds adjacent ... bones * Amphiarthrosis * Two main examples between the radius and ulna in forearm, and tibia and fibia in the leg
* **Sheet** of dense connective tissue * Binds adjacent **long** bones * Amphiarthrosis * Two main examples between the radius and ulna in forearm, and tibia and fibia in the leg
28
_Fibrous joints - Interosseous membranes_ * Sheet of dense connective tissue * Binds adjacent long bones * Permit what movement? * Two main examples between the radius and ulna in forearm, and tibia and fibia in the leg
* Sheet of dense connective tissue * Binds adjacent long bones * **Amphiarthrosis - partial movement** * Two main examples between the radius and ulna in forearm, and tibia and fibia in the leg
29
_Fibrous joints - Interosseous membranes_ * Sheet of dense ... tissue * Binds adjacent long bones * Amphiarthrosis * Two main examples between the ... and ... in forearm, and tibia and fibia in the leg
* Sheet of dense **connective** tissue * Binds adjacent long bones * Amphiarthrosis * Two main examples between the **radius and ulna** in forearm, and tibia and fibia in the leg
30
_Fibrous joints - Interosseous membranes_ * Sheet of dense connective tissue * Binds adjacent long bones * Amphiarthrosis * Two main examples are ...
* Sheet of dense connective tissue * Binds adjacent long bones * Amphiarthrosis * Two main examples between the **radius and ulna in forearm, and tibia and fibia in the leg**
31
_Cartilaginous joints_ * No ... cavity * Held together by a fibrocartilage or ... cartilage * Permits little or no movement (Synarthrosis/amphiarthrosis) * Two types: * Synchrondosis * Symphysis
* No **synovial** cavity * Held together by a fibrocartilage or **hyaline** cartilage * Permits little or no movement (Synarthrosis/amphiarthrosis) * Two types: * Synchrondosis * Symphysis
32
_Cartilaginous joints_ * No synovial cavity * Held together by a ... or hyaline cartilage * Permits little or no movement (.../amphiarthrosis) * Two types: * Synchrondosis * Symphysis
* No synovial cavity * Held together by a **fibrocartilage** or hyaline cartilage * Permits little or no movement (**Synarthrosis**/amphiarthrosis) * Two types: * Synchrondosis * Symphysis
33
_Cartilaginous joints_ * No synovial cavity * Held together by a fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage * Permits little or no movement (Synarthrosis/amphiarthrosis) * Two types: * S... * S...
* No synovial cavity * Held together by a fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage * Permits little or no movement (Synarthrosis/amphiarthrosis) * Two types: * **Synchrondosis** * **Symphysis**
34
What are the two types of cartilaginous joint?
Synchrondosis and Symphysis
35
_Cartilaginous joints - Synchrondosis_ * The connective tissue is ... cartilage * Synarthrosis - no movement * Example: epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
* The connective tissue is **hyaline** cartilage * Synarthrosis - no movement * Example: epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
36
_Cartilaginous joints - Synchrondosis_ * The connective tissue is hyaline cartilage * ... - what movement? * Example: epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
* The connective tissue is **hyaline** cartilage * **Synarthrosis** - no movement * Example: epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
37
The epiphyseal plate (growth plate) is an example of what joint?
Cartilaginous joint - synchrondosis
38
_Cartilaginous joints - Symphysis_ * Connective tissue is ... * Adjacent bones lined with .... cartilage, but with a broad disc of ... connects the bones * Amphiarthrosis * All symphysis occur in the ... in the body: * Junction of the manubrium and sternum * Intervertebral discs * Pubic symphysis
* Connective tissue is **fibrocartilage** * Adjacent bones lined with **hyaline** cartilage, but with a broad disc of **fibrocartilage** connects the bones * Amphiarthrosis * All symphysis occur in the **midline** in the body: * Junction of the manubrium and sternum * Intervertebral discs * Pubic symphysis
39
_Cartilaginous joints - Symphysis_ * Connective tissue is fibrocartilage * Adjacent bones lined with hyaline cartilage, but with a broad disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones * What movement is permitted? * All symphysis occur in the midline in the body: * Junction of the manubrium and sternum * Intervertebral discs * Pubic symphysis
* Connective tissue is fibrocartilage * Adjacent bones lined with hyaline cartilage, but with a broad disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones * **Amphiarthrosis - partial movement** * All symphysis occur in the midline in the body: * Junction of the manubrium and sternum * Intervertebral discs * Pubic symphysis
40
_Cartilaginous joints - Symphysis_ * Connective tissue is fibrocartilage * Adjacent bones lined with hyaline cartilage, but with a broad disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones * Amphiarthrosis * All symphysis occur in the midline in the body: * Junction of the ... and ... * ... discs * ... symphysis
* Connective tissue is fibrocartilage * Adjacent bones lined with hyaline cartilage, but with a broad disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones * Amphiarthrosis * All symphysis occur in the midline in the body: * Junction of the **manubrium** and **sternum** * **Intervertebral** discs * **Pubic** symphysis
41
Intervertebral discs are an example of what type of joint?
Cartilaginous joint - Symphysis
42
_Synovial Joints_ * Synovial (joint) cavity between ... bones * Freely moveable - diarthrosis * Layer of hyaline cartilage called ... cartilage
* Synovial (joint) cavity between **articulating** bones * Freely moveable - diarthrosis * Layer of hyaline cartilage called **articular** cartilage
43
_Synovial Joints_ * Synovial (joint) cavity between articulating bones * Freely ... - diarthrosis * Layer of hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage
* Synovial (joint) cavity between articulating bones * Freely **moveable** - diarthrosis * Layer of hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage
44
_Synovial Joints_ * Synovial (joint) cavity between articulating bones * Freely moveable - ... * Layer of hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage
* Synovial (joint) cavity between articulating bones * Freely moveable - **diarthrosis** * Layer of hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage
45
_Synovial Joints_ * Synovial (joint) cavity between articulating bones * Freely moveable - diarthrosis * Layer of ... cartilage called articular cartilage
* Synovial (joint) cavity between articulating bones * Freely moveable - diarthrosis * Layer of **hyaline** cartilage called articular cartilage
46
_Synovial Joint structure - Articular cartilage_ * Covers the bones at synovial joints * It is ... * Composed of ... and proteoglycan * Orientation of ... structure imparts resistance to compression and an extremely low resistance surface
* Covers the bones at synovial joints * **Avascular** * Composed of **collagen** and proteoglycan * Orientation of **collagen** structure imparts resistance to compression and an extremely low resistance surface
47
_Synovial Joint structure - Articular cartilage_ * Covers the bones at synovial joints * Avascular * Composed of collagen and ... * Orientation of collagen structure imparts resistance to ... and an extremely low resistance surface
* Covers the bones at synovial joints * Avascular * Composed of collagen and **proteoglycan** * Orientation of collagen structure imparts resistance to **compression** and an extremely low resistance surface
48
_Synovial Joint structure - Articular Capsule_ * Encapsulates a ... joint * Composed of two layers * Outer ... membrane connects to periosteum * Flexibility permits movement * Fibres arranged into bundles - high tensile strength * Inner layer termed ... membrane * Areolar connective tissue rich in elastic fibres * Occasionally contains structural articular fat pads
* Encapsulates a **synovial** joint * Composed of two layers * Outer **fibrous** membrane connects to periosteum * Flexibility permits movement * Fibres arranged into bundles - high tensile strength * Inner layer termed **synovial** membrane * Areolar connective tissue rich in elastic fibres * Occasionally contains structural articular fat pads
49
_Synovial Joint structure - Articular Capsule_ * Encapsulates a synovial joint * Composed of two layers * Outer fibrous membrane connects to ... * Flexibility permits ... * Fibres arranged into bundles - high tensile strength * Inner layer termed ... ... * Areolar connective tissue rich in elastic fibres * Occasionally contains structural articular fat pads
* Encapsulates a synovial joint * Composed of two layers * Outer fibrous membrane connects to **periosteum** * Flexibility permits **movement** * Fibres arranged into bundles - high tensile strength * Inner layer termed **synovial membrane** * Areolar connective tissue rich in elastic fibres * Occasionally contains structural articular fat pads
50
_Synovial Joint structure - Articular Capsule_ * Encapsulates a synovial joint * Composed of two layers * Outer fibrous membrane connects to periosteum * ... permits movement * Fibres arranged into bundles - high tensile strength * Inner layer termed synovial membrane * ... connective tissue rich in elastic fibres * Occasionally contains structural articular ... pads
* Encapsulates a synovial joint * Composed of two layers * Outer fibrous membrane connects to periosteum * **Flexibility** permits movement * Fibres arranged into bundles - high tensile strength * Inner layer termed synovial membrane * **Areolar** connective tissue rich in elastic fibres * Occasionally contains structural articular **fat** pads
51
_Synovial Joint structure - Articular Capsule_ * Encapsulates a synovial joint * Composed of two layers * Outer ... membrane connects to periosteum * Flexibility permits movement * Fibres arranged into bundles - high ... strength * Inner layer termed synovial membrane * Areolar connective tissue rich in elastic fibres * Occasionally contains structural articular fat pads
* Encapsulates a synovial joint * Composed of two layers * Outer **fibrous** membrane connects to periosteum * Flexibility permits movement * Fibres arranged into bundles - high **tensile** strength * Inner layer termed synovial membrane * Areolar connective tissue rich in elastic fibres * Occasionally contains structural articular fat pads
52
_Synovial Joint structure - Synovial fluid_ * Secreted by synovial membrane * Rich in ... acid, secreted by fibroblast-like cells, and interstitial fluid from blood plasma * ... articular surface - reducing friction * Producing some ...-absorping properties * Supplies nutrition to, and removes waste products from the avascular articular cartilage * Phagocytes remove microbes and debris
* Secreted by synovial membrane * Rich in **hyaluronic** acid, secreted by fibroblast-like cells, and interstitial fluid from blood plasma * **Lubricates** articular surface - reducing friction * Producing some **shock**-absorping properties * Supplies nutrition to, and removes waste products from the avascular articular cartilage * Phagocytes remove microbes and debris
53
_Synovial Joint structure - Synovial fluid_ * Secreted by synovial membrane * Rich in hyaluronic acid, secreted by ...-like cells, and interstitial fluid from blood plasma * Lubricates articular surface - reducing ... * Producing some shock-absorping properties * Supplies nutrition to, and removes waste products from the avascular articular cartilage * Phagocytes remove microbes and debris
* Secreted by synovial membrane * Rich in hyaluronic acid, secreted by **fibroblast**-like cells, and interstitial fluid from blood plasma * Lubricates articular surface - reducing **friction** * Producing some shock-absorping properties * Supplies nutrition to, and removes waste products from the avascular articular cartilage * Phagocytes remove microbes and debris
54
_Synovial Joint structure - Synovial fluid_ * Secreted by synovial membrane * Rich in hyaluronic acid, secreted by fibroblast-like cells, and interstitial fluid from blood plasma * Lubricates articular surface - reducing friction * Producing some ...-... properties * Supplies ... to, and removes waste products from the avascular articular cartilage * Phagocytes remove microbes and debris
* Secreted by synovial membrane * Rich in hyaluronic acid, secreted by fibroblast-like cells, and interstitial fluid from blood plasma * Lubricates articular surface - reducing friction * Producing some **shock-absorping** properties * Supplies **nutrition** to, and removes waste products from the avascular articular cartilage * Phagocytes remove microbes and debris
55
_Synovial Joint structure - Synovial fluid_ * Secreted by synovial membrane * Rich in hyaluronic acid, secreted by fibroblast-like cells, and interstitial fluid from blood plasma * Lubricates articular surface - reducing friction * Producing some shock-absorping properties * Supplies nutrition to, and removes waste products from the ... ... cartilage * ... remove microbes and debris
* Secreted by synovial membrane * Rich on hyaluronic acid, secreted by fibroblast-like cells, and interstitial fluid from blood plasma * Lubricates articular surface - reducing friction * Producing some shock-absorping properties * Supplies nutrition to, and removes waste products from the **avascular articular** cartilage * **Phagocytes** remove microbes and debris
56
Synovial fluid provides some ...-absorbing properties
Synovial fluid provides some **shock**-absorbing properties
57
Synovial fluid ... the articular surface which reduces ...
Synovial fluid **lubricates** the articular surface which reduces **friction**
58
The synovial fluid is rich in which acid?
hyaluronic acid - secreted by fibroblast-like cells, and insterstitial fluid from blood plasma
59
_Synovial Joint structure - Accessory ligaments_ * ... ligaments lie within the joint capsule * Excluded from synovial fluid by folds in synovial membrane * e.g anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee * ... ligaments lie outside the joint capsule * e.g. fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee
* **Intracapsular** ligaments lie within the joint capsule * Excluded from synovial fluid by folds in synovial membrane * e.g anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee * **Extracapsular** ligaments lie outside the joint capsule * e.g. fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee
60
_Synovial Joint structure - Accessory ligaments_ * Intracapsular ligaments lie within the joint capsule * Excluded from synovial fluid by ... in synovial membrane * e.g anterior and posterior ... ligaments of the knee * Extracapsular ligaments lie outside the joint capsule * e.g. fibular and tibial ... ligaments of the knee
* Intracapsular ligaments lie within the joint capsule * Excluded from synovial fluid by **folds** in synovial membrane * e.g anterior and posterior **cruciate** ligaments of the knee * Extracapsular ligaments lie outside the joint capsule * e.g. fibular and tibial **collateral** ligaments of the knee
61
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee are an example of what?
accessory ligaments (synovial joint)
62
Fibular and Tibial collateral ligaments of the knee are an example of what?
Accesory ligaments (synovial joints)
63
_Synovial Joint structure - Accesory articular discs_ * ... pads lie between articular cartilage of some synovial joints e.g miniscus of the knee * Called meniscii or articular discs * Help maintain joint ... * Direct the flow of synovial fluid * Meniscal tears are common in athletes
* **Fibrocartilage** pads lie between articular cartilage of some synovial joints e.g miniscus of the knee * Called meniscii or articular discs * Help maintain joint **stability** * Direct the flow of synovial fluid * Meniscal tears are common in athletes
64
_Synovial Joint structure - Accesory articular discs_ * Fibrocartilage pads lie between ... cartilage of some synovial joints e.g miniscus of the knee * Called meniscii or articular discs * Help maintain joint stability * Direct the flow of synovial ... * Meniscal tears are common in athletes
* Fibrocartilage pads lie between **articular** cartilage of some synovial joints e.g miniscus of the knee * Called meniscii or articular discs * Help maintain joint stability * Direct the flow of synovial **fluid** * Meniscal tears are common in athletes
65
_Synovial Joint structure - Accesory articular discs_ * Fibrocartilage pads lie between articular cartilage of some synovial joints e.g ... of the knee * Called ... or articular discs * Help maintain joint stability * Direct the flow of synovial fluid * ... tears are common in athletes
* Fibrocartilage pads lie between articular cartilage of some synovial joints e.g **miniscus** of the knee * Called **meniscii** or articular discs * Help maintain joint stability * Direct the flow of synovial fluid * **Meniscal** tears are common in athletes
66
... injuries are often seen in athletes as a result of a sports injury
**Meniscus** injuries are often seen in athletes as a result of a sports injury
67
_Synovial Joint Structure - Nerve and Blood Supply_ * Nerve endings same as those that supply associated muscles * Distributed to the ... capsule and associated ligaments * Pain and proprioception * Many components of the synovial joint are avascular * Rely on numerous branching of arteries and veins to supply associated tissue
* Nerve endings same as those that supply associated muscles * Distributed to the **articular** capsule and associated ligaments * Pain and proprioception * Many components of the synovial joint are avascular * Rely on numerous branching of arteries and veins to supply associated tissue
68
_Synovial Joint Structure - Nerve and Blood Supply_ * Nerve endings same as those that supply associated muscles * Distributed to the articular capsule and associated ... * Pain and ... * Many components of the synovial joint are ... * Rely on numerous branching of arteries and veins to supply associated tissue
* Nerve endings same as those that supply associated muscles * Distributed to the articular capsule and associated **ligaments** * Pain and **proprioception** * Many components of the synovial joint are **avascular** * Rely on numerous branching of arteries and veins to supply associated tissue
69
_Synovial Joint Structure - Nerve and Blood Supply_ * Nerve endings same as those that supply associated muscles * Distributed to the ... capsule and associated ligaments * Pain and proprioception * Many components of the synovial joint are ... * Rely on numerous ... of arteries and veins to supply associated tissue
* Nerve endings same as those that supply associated muscles * Distributed to the articular capsule and associated ligaments * Pain and proprioception * Many components of the synovial joint are **avascular** * Rely on numerous **branching** of arteries and veins to supply associated tissue
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_Synovial Joint structure - Bursae and Tendon Sheath_ * Moving parts of joints can cause ... * Bursae are ... filled sacs lined with synovial like membrane * Bursae cushion movement between body parts * Tendon sheaths are similar to bursae * Specialised membranes that wrap around tendons * Especially where many tendons come together and/or pass through a synovial joint capsule
* Moving parts of joints can cause **friction** * Bursae are **fluid** filled sacs lined with synovial like membrane * Bursae cushion movement between body parts * Tendon sheaths are similar to bursae * Specialised membranes that wrap around tendons * Especially where many tendons come together and/or pass through a synovial joint capsule
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_Synovial Joint structure - Bursae and Tendon Sheath_ * Moving parts of joints can cause friction * Bursae are fluid filled sacs lined with synovial like membrane * Bursae ... movement between body parts * ... ... are similar to bursae * Specialised membranes that wrap around tendons * Especially where many tendons come together and/or pass through a synovial joint capsule
* Moving parts of joints can cause friction * Bursae are fluid filled sacs lined with synovial like membrane * Bursae **cushion** movement between body parts * **Tendon** **sheaths** are similar to bursae * Specialised membranes that wrap around tendons * Especially where many tendons come together and/or pass through a synovial joint capsule
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_Synovial Joint structure - Bursae and Tendon Sheath_ * Moving parts of joints can cause friction * Bursae are fluid filled sacs lined with synovial like membrane * Bursae cushion movement between body parts * Tendon sheaths are similar to bursae * Specialised membranes that wrap around tendons * Especially where ... tendons come ... and/or pass through a synovial joint ...
* Moving parts of joints can cause friction * Bursae are fluid filled sacs lined with synovial like membrane * Bursae cushion movement between body parts * Tendon sheaths are similar to bursae * Specialised membranes that wrap around tendons * Especially where **many** tendons come **together** and/or pass through a synovial joint **capsule**
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_Synovial Joint structure - Bursae and Tendon Sheath_ * Moving parts of joints can cause friction * Bursae are fluid filled sacs lined with synovial like membrane * Bursae cushion movement between body parts * Tendon sheaths are similar to bursae * Specialised membranes that wrap around tendons * Especially where many tendons come together and/or pass through a synovial joint capsule
* Moving parts of joints can cause friction * Bursae are fluid filled sacs lined with synovial like membrane * Bursae cushion movement between body parts * Tendon sheaths are similar to bursae * Specialised membranes that wrap around tendons * Especially where many tendons come together and/or pass through a synovial joint capsule
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What are bursae?
* Bursae are fluid filled sacs lined with synovial like membrane * Bursae cushion movement between body parts
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* Bursae are ... filled sacs lined with ... like membrane * Bursae ... movement between body parts
* Bursae are **fluid** filled sacs lined with **synovial** like membrane * Bursae **cushion** movement between body parts
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Tendon ... are similar to bursae
Tendon **sheaths** are similar to bursae
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_Types of Synovial Joint - Movement_ * _6 types..._
* **Planar** * **Hinge** * **Pivot** * **Condyloid** * **Saddle** * **Ball & Socket**
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_Types of Synovial Joint - Movement_ * _6 types..._
* **Planar** * **Hinge** * **Pivot** * **Condyloid** * **Saddle** * **Ball & Socket**
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What are the 6 types of Synovial Joints?
Planar, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, Ball & Socket
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_Synovial Joint - Planar_ * Surfaces flat or slightly curved * Permits what movement? * Examples include: * Intercarpal joints (between carpal bones at the ...) * Intertarsal joints (between tarsal bones at the ...)
* Surfaces flat or slightly curved * Permits **back and forth, and side to side movement** * Examples include: * Intercarpal joints (between carpal bones at the **wrist**) * Intertarsal joints (between tarsal bones at the **ankle**)
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_Synovial Joint - Planar_ * Surfaces ... or slightly ... * Permits back and forth, and side to side movement * Examples include: * Intercarpal joints (between carpal bones at the wrist) * Intertarsal joints (between tarsal bones at the ankle)
* Surfaces **flat** or slightly **curved** * Permits back and forth, and side to side movement * Examples include: * Intercarpal joints (between carpal bones at the wrist) * Intertarsal joints (between tarsal bones at the ankle)
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Both Intercarpal joints (between carpal bones at the wrist) and Intertarsal joints (between tarsal bones at the ankle) are examples of what type of joint?
synovial joints - planar
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_Synovial Joint - Hinge_ * ... surface of one bone fits the ... surface of another * Permits motion in a single axis (Flexion and extension) * Examples include: * Knee joints * Elbow joints
* **Concave** surface of one bone fits the **convex** surface of another * Permits motion in a single axis (Flexion and extension) * Examples include: * Knee joints * Elbow joints
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_Synovial Joint - Hinge_ * Concave surface of one bone fits the convex surface of another * Permits motion in a ... axis (Flexion and extension) * Examples include: * ... joints * Elbow joints
* Concave surface of one bone fits the convex surface of another * Permits motion in a **single** axis (Flexion and extension) * Examples include: * **Knee** joints * Elbow joints
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The knee and elbow joints are examples of what type of joint?
synovial joint - hinge
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_Synovial Joint - Pivot_ * ... or ... surface of one bone pivots inside a ... formed by the other bone and a ligament * Permits ... in it's longitudinal axis (monoaxial) * Examples include: * Radioulnar joints * Atlanto-axial joint
* **Rounded** or **pointed** surface of one bone pivots inside a **ring** formed by the other bone and a ligament * Permits **rotation** in it's longitudinal axis (monoaxial) * Examples include: * Radioulnar joints * Atlanto-axial joint
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_Synovial Joint - Pivot_ * Rounded or pointed surface of one bone pivots inside a ring formed by the other bone and a ligament * Permits rotation in it's ... axis (monoaxial) * Examples include: * ... joints * Atlanto-axial joint
* Rounded or pointed surface of one bone pivots inside a ring formed by the other bone and a ligament * Permits rotation in it's **longitudinal** axis (monoaxial) * Examples include: * **Radioulnar** joints * Atlanto-axial joint
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Radioulnar joints and Atlanto-axial joint are both examples of what type of joint?
Synovial joint - pivot
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What is the atlanto-axial joint?
The atlanto-axial joint is a joint in the upper part of the neck between the first and second cervical vertebrae; the atlas and axis. It is a pivot joint.
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_Synovial Joint - Condyloid_ * Convex ... projection of one bone fit into the ... depression of the other * Permits movement around two axis (biaxial; flexion and extension, and ... and ...) * Examples include: * Wrist joint * Metacarpophalangeal joints
* Convex **oval** projection of one bone fit into the **oval** depression of the other * Permits movement around two axis (biaxial; flexion and extension, and **abduction and adduction**) * Examples include: * Wrist joint * Metacarpophalangeal joints
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_Synovial Joint - Condyloid_ * ... oval projection of one bone fit into the oval depression of the other * Permits movement around two axis (biaxial; ... and ..., and abduction and adduction) * Examples include: * ... joint * Metacarpophalangeal joints
* **Convex** oval projection of one bone fit into the oval depression of the other * Permits movement around two axis (biaxial; **flexion and extension**, and abduction and adduction) * Examples include: * **Wrist** joint * Metacarpophalangeal joints
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The Wrist joint and Metacarpophalangeal joints are both examples of what type of joint?
Synovial joint - condyloid
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Condyloid joints allow movement with two degrees of freedom - They allow .../..., .../...
Condyloid joints allow movement with two degrees of freedom - They allow **flexion/extension, abduction/adduction**
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_Synovial Joint - Saddle_ * One bone fits into the saddle shaped bone it ... * Modified ... joint * Permits movement around two axis (biaxial; flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, (sometimes limited rotation)) * Examples include: * Carpometacarpal joint
* One bone fits into the saddle shaped bone it **opposes** * Modified **condyloid** joint * Permits movement around two axis (biaxial; flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, (sometimes limited rotation)) * Examples include: * Carpometacarpal joint
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_Synovial Joint - Saddle_ * One bone fits into the saddle shaped bone it opposes * Modified condyloid joint * Permits movement around two axis (biaxial; ... and ..., abduction and adduction, (sometimes limited ...)) * Examples include: * Carpometacarpal joint
* One bone fits into the saddle shaped bone it opposes * Modified condyloid joint * Permits movement around two axis (biaxial; **flexion and extension**, abduction and adduction, (sometimes limited **rotation**)) * Examples include: * Carpometacarpal joint
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The Carpometacarpal joint is an example of what type of joint?
Synovial joint - saddle
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_Synovial Joint - Ball & Socket_ * Ball-like surface of one bone fits into the cup-like ... of the other * Triaxial movement around three planes (triaxial; flexion and extension, ... and ..., and ...) * Examples include: * Shoulder joint * Hip joint
* Ball-like surface of one bone fits into the cup-like **depression** of the other * Triaxial movement around three planes (triaxial; flexion and extension, **abduction and adduction, and rotation**) * Examples include: * Shoulder joint * Hip joint
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_Synovial Joint - Ball & Socket_ * Ball-like surface of one bone fits into the cup-like depression of the other * Triaxial movement around three planes (triaxial; flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and rotation) * Examples include: * ... joint * ... joint
* Ball-like surface of one bone fits into the cup-like depression of the other * Triaxial movement around three planes (triaxial; flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and rotation) * Examples include: * **Shoulder** joint * **Hip** joint
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The shoulder joint and the hip joint are both examples of what type of joint?
Ball and socket
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There is only one major type of synovial triaxial joint: ...
There is only one major type of synovial triaxial joint: **ball-and-socket.**
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Ball and socket joints permit what movements?
Triaxial movement around three planes - flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, rotation
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The ball and socket joints lack ... because they permit triaxial movement - they are prone to ...
stability - shoulder and hip joints (prone to dislocation)
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_Joint Systems - Example_ * Interactions between ..., ..., ... and sternum, allow wide ranging movement. The component joints include: * Acromioclavicular * Glenohumeral * Sternoclavicular
* Interactions between **humerus, scapula, clavicle** and sternum, allow wide ranging movement. The component joints include: * Acromioclavicular * Glenohumeral * Sternoclavicular
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_Joint Systems - Example_ * Interactions between humerus, scapula, clavicle and sternum, allow wide ranging movement. The component joints include: * ... * Glenohumeral * ...
* Interactions between humerus, scapula, clavicle and sternum, allow wide ranging movement. The component joints include: * **Acromioclavicular** * Glenohumeral * **Sternoclavicular**
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_Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint_ * Synovial .... joint * Joint between the proximal ... and the scapula (glenoid fossa) * Due to the shallowness of the glenoid cavity, it is the most ... joint in the body * Glenoid labrum - a narrow rim of fibrocartilage - deepens glenoid * Stabilised by three ligaments: * Glenohumeral * Coracohumeral * Transverse humeral * Four associated bursae
* Synovial **ball and socket** joint * Joint between the proximal **humerus** and the scapula (glenoid fossa) * Due to the shallowness of the glenoid cavity, it is the most **mobile** joint in the body * Glenoid labrum - a narrow rim of fibrocartilage - deepens glenoid * Stabilised by three ligaments: * Glenohumeral * Coracohumeral * Transverse humeral * Four associated bursae
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_Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint_ * Synovial ball and socket joint * Joint between the proximal humerus and the scapula (glenoid fossa) * Due to the shallowness of the glenoid cavity, it is the most mobile joint in the body * Glenoid ... - a narrow rim of fibrocartilage - deepens glenoid * Stabilised by three ligaments: * Glenohumeral * Coracohumeral * Transverse humeral * Four associated ...
* Synovial ball and socket joint * Joint between the proximal humerus and the scapula (glenoid fossa) * Due to the shallowness of the glenoid cavity, it is the most mobile joint in the body * Glenoid **labrum** - a narrow rim of fibrocartilage - deepens glenoid * Stabilised by three ligaments: * Glenohumeral * Coracohumeral * Transverse humeral * Four associated **bursae**
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The glenohumeral joint is what type of joint?
synovial ball and socket joint
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The glenohumeral joint is the joint between the .... .... and the ...
proximal humerus and the scapula (glenoid fossa)
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Due to the shallowness of the glenoid cavity, the glenohumeral joint is the most ... joint in the body
Due to the shallowness of the glenoid cavity, the glenohumeral joint is the most **mobile** joint in the body
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What is the glenoid labrum?
a narrow rim of fibrocartilage - deepens the glenoid
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The glenohumeral joint is stabilised by three ligaments - what are they called?
* Glenohumeral * Coracohumeral * Transverse humeral
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_Glenohumeral joint - Rotator cuff muscles_ * Most ... from rotator cuff muscles * Supraspinatus * Infraspinatus * Teres ... * Subscapularis * Join the ... with the ... * Encircle the joint and fuse with joint capsule
* Most **strength** from rotator cuff muscles * Supraspinatus * Infraspinatus * Teres **minor** * Subscapularis * Join the **scapula** with the **humerus** * Encircle the joint and fuse with joint capsule
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_Glenohumeral joint - Rotator cuff muscles_ * Most strength from rotator cuff muscles * Supraspinatus * Infraspinatus * Teres minor * ... * Join the scapula with the humerus * Encircle the joint and ... with joint ...
* Most strength from rotator cuff muscles * Supraspinatus * Infraspinatus * Teres minor * **Subscapularis** * Join the scapula with the humerus * Encircle the joint and **fuse** with joint **capsule**
114
Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor
115
_Acromioclavicular Joint_ * Technically a synovial gliding joint (planar) but it acts like a ... * Joint between the acromion (part of the ...) and the clavical * Stabilised by three ligaments: * Acromioclavicular * Coracoacromial * Coracoclavicular (Conoid and trapezoid) * Allows the movement of the ..., permitting greater arm ... (above the head)
* Technically a synovial gliding joint (planar) but it acts like a **pivot** * Joint between the acromion (part of the **scapula**) and the clavical * Stabilised by three ligaments: * Acromioclavicular * Coracoacromial * Coracoclavicular (Conoid and trapezoid) * Allows the movement of the **scapula**, permitting greater arm **rotation** (above the head)
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_Acromioclavicular Joint_ * Technically a synovial gliding joint (planar) but it acts like a pivot * Joint between the acromion (part of the scapula) and the clavical * Stabilised by three ligaments: * ... * ... * Coracoclavicular (Conoid and trapezoid) * Allows the movement of the scapula, permitting greater arm rotation (above the head)
* Technically a synovial gliding joint (planar) but it acts like a pivot * Joint between the acromion (part of the scapula) and the clavical * Stabilised by three ligaments: * **Acromioclavicular** * **Coracoacromial** * Coracoclavicular (Conoid and trapezoid) * Allows the movement of the scapula, permitting greater arm rotation (above the head)
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There are three main ligaments that strengthen the acromioclavicular joint - name these
* Acromioclavicular * Coracoacromial * Coracoclavicular (conoid and trapezoid)
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The acromioclavicular joint allows the movement of the ..., permitting greater arm ...
The acromioclavicular joint allows the movement of the **scapula,** permitting greater arm **rotation (Above the head)**
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_Sternoclavicular Joint_ * Synovial ... joint * Medial clavicle fits into a hollow formed by the superlateral surface of the manubrium and the medial costal cartilage of the first rib * ... articular disc divides the joint into two synovial cavities * Reinforced by interclavicular, anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments * Although a saddle joint, is capable of ... movement - all movement is passive
* Synovial **saddle** joint * Medial clavicle fits into a hollow formed by the superlateral surface of the manubrium and the medial costal cartilage of the first rib * **Fibrocartilagenous** articular disc divides the joint into two synovial cavities * Reinforced by interclavicular, anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments * Although a saddle joint, is capable of **triaxial** movement - all movement is passive
120
_Sternoclavicular Joint_ * Synovial saddle joint * Medial clavicle fits into a hollow formed by the superlateral surface of the manubrium and the medial costal cartilage of the first rib * Fibrocartilagenous articular disc divides the joint into two synovial cavities * Reinforced by ..., anterior and posterior ... ligaments * Although a saddle joint, is capable of triaxial movement - all movement is passive
* Synovial saddle joint * Medial clavicle fits into a hollow formed by the superlateral surface of the manubrium and the medial costal cartilage of the first rib * Fibrocartilagenous articular disc divides the joint into two synovial cavities * Reinforced by **interclavicular**, anterior and posterior **sternoclavicular** ligaments * Although a saddle joint, is capable of triaxial movement - all movement is passive
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The sternoclavicular joint is reinforced by what ligaments?
Reinforced by interclavicular, anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

Year 2 Medicine (162 decks)

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