Pathology of the Female Reproductive Tract 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Microscopic Anatomy
- Normal anatomy informs pathology
- Microscopic changes in cells and tissues are translated into … …
- … originate from cellular components of tissues
A
- Normal anatomy informs pathology
- Microscopic changes in cells and tissues are translated into clinical disease
- Neoplasms originate from cellular components of tissues
2
Q
Vulva and Vagina
- L Majora skin with … follicles and … glands
- L minora and vagina - Mucosa with … … epithelium
A
- L Majora skin w hair follicles and sweat glands
- L minora and vagina Mucosa with stratified squamous epithelium
3
Q
Vagina at puberty
- … secreted by the ovary stimulates maturation of … epithelial cells
- Glycogen is formed within … … epithelial cells
- Glycogen in cells shed from the surface is a substrate for vaginal anaerobic organisms (dominated by …)
- … produce lactic acid keeping vaginal pH below …
A
- Oestrogen secreted by the ovary stimulates maturation of squamous epithelial cells
- Glycogen is formed within mature squamous epithelial cells
- Glycogen in cells shed from the surface is a substrate for vaginal anaerobic organisms (dominated by lactobacilli)
- Lactobacilli produce lactic acid keeping vaginal pH below 4.5
4
Q
Cervix
- ..cervix
- ..cervix
- … zone
A
- Ectocervix
- Endocervix
- Transformation zone
5
Q
Cervix (Diagram)
A
6
Q
Ectocervix
- Covered by … … epithelium
A
- Covered by stratified squamous epithelium
7
Q
Endocervix
- Single layer of tall, … producing … cells
A
- Single layer of tall, mucin producing columnar cells
8
Q
The endocervix has a deceptively large surface area
- … epithelium lines tiny blind ending channels (‘…’)
- These radiate out from the endocervical canal into the surrounding …
A
- Columnar epithelium lines tiny blind ending channels (‘clefts’)
- These radiate out from the endocervical canal into the surrounding stroma
9
Q
Cervix
- __The ectocervix is covered by … … epithelium
- The endocervix is lined by … epithelium
- The junction between the two is called the ‘…-… junction
A
- The ectocervix is covered by stratified squamous epithelium
- The endocervix is lined by columnar epithelium
- The junction between the two is called the ‘squamo-columnar junction
10
Q
Formation of the transformation zone
- During puberty the cervix changes …
- The … of the cervix grow
- The … end of the endocervix opens
- Endocervical … becomes exposed to the vaginal environment
A
- During puberty the cervix changes shape
- The lips of the cervix grow
- The distal end of the endocervix opens
- Endocervical mucosa becomes exposed to the vaginal environment
11
Q
The transformation zone
A
12
Q
Cervix
- The distal endocervical … epithelium is exposed to the … vaginal environment
- It is not suited to this, so undergoes an adaptive change called …
- Reserve cells in this area proliferate and mature to form … epithelium: This process is called … …
A
- The distal endocervical columnar epithelium is exposed to the acidic vaginal environment
- It is not suited to this, so undergoes an adaptive change called metaplasia
- Reserve cells in this area proliferate and mature to form squamous epithelium: This process is called squamous metaplasia
13
Q
Metaplasia =
A
a transformation of cell type from one kind of mature differentiated cell type to another kind of mature differentiated cell type
14
Q
The cervical transformation zone
A
15
Q
Squamous Metaplasia - Cervix
- At first, the metaplastic squamous epithelium is … and … (lots of … & maturation is incomplete)
- With time, the metaplastic epithelium comes to be as strong and well formed as that on the …
A
- At first, the metaplastic squamous epithelium is thin and delicate (lots of proliferation & maturation is incomplete)
- With time, the metaplastic epithelium comes to be as strong and well formed as that on the ectocervix
16
Q
Where is the uterus?
A
17
Q
Mid sagittal section of the …
A
body of the uterus
18
Q
What is the myometrium?
A
The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall
19
Q
What is the endometrium?
A
The endometrium is the innermost lining layer of the uterus
20
Q
Endometrium - 3 components (proliferative phase - before ovulation)
- … glands
- Specialised …
- … vessels
A
- Tubular glands
- Specialised stroma
- Blood vessels
21
Q
Endometrium - 3 components - Secretory Phase
- … … glands
- Specialised …
- … vessels
A
- Cork screw glands
- Specialised stroma
- Blood vessels
25
Q
Behaviour of Neoplasms - Benign
- Remains … and doesn’t … surrounding tissues
- Generally grow …
- Good … of parent tissue
A
- Remains localised and doesn’t invade surrounding tissues
- Generally grow slowly
- Good resemblance of parent tissue
26
Q
Example of a benign neoplasm of smooth muscle of myometrium
A
27
Q
Leiomyoma of the myometrium
- closely resembles … tissue
A
- closely resembles parent tissue
30
Q
Behaviour of Neoplasms - Malignant
- Invade into … tissues
- Spread via … to … … and … vessels to other sites (…)
- Generally grow relatively …
- … resemblance to parent tissue
A
- Invade into surrounding tissues
- Spread via lymphatics to lymph nodes and blood vessels to other sites (metastasis)
- Generally grow relatively quickly
- Variable resemblance to parent tissue
32
Q
… tissue vs … …
A
normal tissue vs a malignant neoplasm
39
Q
Overview of Benign Vs Malignant
A
40
Q
Malignant tumours of female reproductive tract
A
