Sperm-Racing Flashcards
Measuring Sperm
- A number of … may be evaluated through analysis of semen
- These may correlate with … with varying degrees; some evidence is controversial
- Specimen is obtained by …, collected in a clean container – (condoms often contain …)
- A number of variables may be evaluated through analysis of semen
- These may correlate with fertility with varying degrees; some evidence is controversial
- Specimen is obtained by masturbation, collected in a clean container – (condoms often contain spermicide)
Volume of Sperm
- Normal ejaculated volume is … – … ml
- Volume may be low in … ejaculation, high volume may reflect … or … … inflammation
- … ml is the cut off (WHO 2010)
- Normal ejaculated volume is 1.5 – 6 ml
- Volume may be low in retrograde ejaculation, high volume may reflect abstinence or accessory gland inflammation
- 1.5 ml is the cut off (WHO 2010)
Concentration and Vitality - Sperm
- Sperm concentration, or density, defined as … in the total …
- Normal is over … million per ml
- Vitality: …% or more live spermatozoa
- Sperm concentration, or density, defined as the number of sperm per ml in the total ejaculate
- Normal is over 15 million per ml
- Vitality: 58% or more live spermatozoa
Motility of Sperm
- Defined as … of … motile sperm in the …
- … motile means they go somewhere, rather than swim around in circles
- WHO uses …% as the cut off for the lower limit of normal for … motility
- … in repeat samples from individuals and … correlation with fertility
- Defined as percentage of progressively motile sperm in the ejaculate
- Progressively motile means they go somewhere, rather than swim around in circles
- WHO uses 32% as the cut off for the lower limit of normal for progressive motility
- Variation in repeat samples from individuals and poor correlation with fertility
Morphology - Sperm
- … assessment of sperm
- Greater than …% normal forms acceptable (WHO 2010)
- Other more stringent criteria exist
- Visual assessment of sperm
- Greater than 4% normal forms acceptable (WHO 2010)
- Other more stringent criteria exist
What is shown in the diagram?
Morphology of Sperm
What distribution is shown in the table?
Distribution of values for semen parameters from men whose partners became pregnant within 12 months of discontinuing contraceptive use
Nomenclature - Semen Analysis
- Normozoospermia - ?
- Oligozoospermia - ?
- Asthenozoospermia - ?
- Teratozoospermia - ?
- Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia - ?
- Azoospermia - ?
- Aspermia - ?
- Normozoospermia - normal values
- Oligozoospermia - low concentration
- Asthenozoospermia - too little motility
- Teratozoospermia - too many abnormals
- Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia - mixture of the three above
- Azoospermia - no spermatozoa
- Aspermia - no ejaculate
Testis - what abnormality is shown?
- No spermatozoa (Azoospermia)
What is shown?
semen sample stained with papanicolaou stain
Testis - what is shown here? (in biopsy)
- Seminiferous tubules lined by sertoli cells
- One looks different - (Darker red bottom right) - biopsy can crush tissue a bit
Biopsy of Testis - what is shown?
- Seminiferous tubules - in between vascularised stroma - little Leydig cells
- Lots of sertoli cells and spematogenesis cells
- Higher power is shown below - Spermatids and Spermatazoa forming
When doing a biopsy of testis, what is an issue?
The part of tissue is not always truly representative of the whole tissue - some part that you biopsy may be artefact - only see some part mean you may not see all - variations between different seminiferous tubules are present
What is shown here?
Vas deferens - excides as a segment in a vasectomy - lumen in middle - lined by epithelial cells - in vasectomy it is blocked/cut to prevent sperm getting into semen
What is shown here? (testis)
Vas diferens - high power picture
