Neural Tissues Flashcards
What is the difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?
- CNS - brain and spinal cord - information processing including reflexes and behaviour
- PNS - cranial nerves and spinal nerves - Sensory detection and motor activation
- CNS - … and … cord - information processing including … and …
- PNS - … nerves and … nerves - Sensory detection and … activation
- CNS - brain and spinal cord - information processing including reflexes and behaviour
- PNS - cranial nerves and spinal nerves - Sensory detection and motor activation
Which embryonic layer/tissue is the nervous system derived from?
Ectoderm
What are the main functions of neuroglia?
- Glia differ from neurons
- Glia: have no action potentials, do not form synapses, are able to divide (most common source of tumours of NS) and form myelin sheaths
What is a Node of Ranvier?
- … neuron: transmit sensory information to brain/spinal cord
- … neuron: motor neuron transmitting information from brain to effector organ i.e. muscle
- Afferent neuron: transmit sensory information to brain/spinal cord
- Efferent neuron: motor neuron transmitting information from brain to effector organ i.e. muscle
A ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the … nervous system (outside …)
A ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system (outside CNS)
- … ganglia are associated with neurons of the autonomic nervous system e.g. parasympathetic ganglion
- They have … neurons and … nuclei
- Motor ganglia are associated with neurons of the autonomic nervous system e.g. parasympathetic ganglion
- They have smaller neurons and eccentric nuclei
… ganglion have big neurons, central nuclei - example is a … root ganglion
Sensory ganglion have big neurons, central nuclei - example is a dorsal root ganglion
In CNS groups of neurons are called…
nucleus
What is myelin?
Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord
What is a Brodmann area?
- Names regions
- 2 maps - just for our benefit - do not have to learn these regions
- Should be able to understand how to navigate it when given to you
Directions in human prefrontal cortex
Neurons
What is the purpose of myelin?
- Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord
- Purpose - increase conduction velocity (so does increased diameter)
Neuron classification:
- Neurons: multipolar, bipolar and unipolar
- All neurons have just 1 …
- Majority of neurons several … = multipolar
- Neurons: multipolar, bipolar and unipolar
- All neurons have just 1 axon
- Majority of neurons several dendrites = multipolar
Important neurons
- … cells - neocortex
- … cell - cerebellum
- … root ganglion - sensory neuron
- Pyramidal cells - neocortex
- Purkinje cell - cerebellum
- Dorsal root ganglion - sensory neuron
Neuron classification:
- … - one dendrite and one axon - least numerous - sensory neurons e.g retina
- …-… one axon and one dendrite e.g. dorsal root ganglion
- Bipolar - one dendrite and one axon - least numerous - sensory neurons e.g retina
- Pseudo-unipolar - one axon and one dendrite e.g. dorsal root ganglion
Synaptic transmission - chemical
- Chemical Synapse:
- physical … (30nm)
- Neurotransmitter released from presynaptic neuron through to the postsynaptic cell receptor - triggers … signal in this cell
- Signalling is not in … direction - moving backward
- Chemical Synapse:
- physical gap (30nm)
- Neurotransmitter released from presynaptic neuron through to the postsynaptic cell receptor - triggers electric signal in this cell
- Signalling is not in Retrograde direction - moving backward
Post-synaptic cell examples
neuron, myocyte or gland
- … - single neuron sends its output signal to many neurons
- … - multiple inputs influence a single neuron
- Divergent - single neuron sends its output signal to many neurons
- Convergent - multiple inputs influence a single neuron
… occur only in CNS - neither motor nor sensory - process signals
Interneurons occur only in CNS - neither motor nor sensory - process signals
Interneurons (also known as association neurons) are neurons that are found exclusively in the … nervous system.
Interneurons = Interneurons (also known as association neurons) are neurons that are foundexclusively in the central nervous system. That means that they are found in the brain and spinal cord and not in the peripheral segments of the nervous system
Brodmann area
1,2,3
- Glia differ from neurons
- Glia: have no … …, do not form …, are able to … (most common source of tumours of NS) and form myelin …
- Glia differ from neurons
- Glia: have no action potentials, do not form synapses, are able to divide (most common source of tumours of NS) and form myelin sheaths
Directions in human prefrontal cortex